Metallogenic Characteristics of Western Low Altered Tin-Copper Polymetallic Deposit and Its Prospecting Significance in East Part of Gejiu, Yunnan
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摘要: 云南个旧东矿区西部凹陷带岩体内部蚀变花岗岩型Sn、Cu多金属矿床是近年来新发现的矿床.通过对矿床地质特征、蚀变分带特征、含矿岩体地球化学组成以及深部找矿远景的系统研究，认为该类矿床属于个旧东区花岗岩岩浆热液成矿多样性系统的组成部分，是产于花岗岩岩体边缘相-过渡相的蚀变花岗岩型多金属矿床，它属于岩浆期后中高温热液矿床.钾长石化、黄铁矿化、萤石化、电气石化与富集成矿密切相关；该类型矿床的发现使传统的"两楼一梯"成矿模式更新为"两楼一梯+地下室"的成矿模式，并对云南个旧深部找矿和接替资源补充具有重要的意义.Abstract: In this paper, tin-copper polymetallic deposit in western low of east part of Gejiu is studied through a systematic analysis of its geological setting, geological characteristics of the deposit, characteristics of alterations zoning, geochemical component of altered granite, and deep exploration experience. The results show that the deposit is a part of diverse magmatic hydrothermal mineralization system, which often occurs in the inner altered granite, especially the edge and transition facies. It is a high-temperature magmatic hydrothermal deposit combining with the post-gas-liquid mineralization by the decomposition and gasification of magma in early stage and the alteration of magma intrusion in later stage. The deposit has close relationship with wall-rock alteration, especially potash feldspathization, pyritization, fluoritization and tourmalinization. The main metallic elements of the deposit include Cu, Sn, W; the elements Ag, Mo, Bi, Cd, In, U are the comprehensive utilized elements. The discovery of this type of deposits has great significance for deep exploration and further resources exploration in Gejiu mining area.
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图 1 164勘探线矿床地质剖面简图(据钻孔资料简编，2010)
1.个旧组地层不同岩性段代码；2.断裂构造；3.大理岩；4.花岗岩；5.蚀变花岗岩带；6.地表砂锡矿层；7.层间氧化矿床；8.接触带矽卡岩型硫化物矿床；9.已勘探揭示的蚀变花岗岩型Cu、Sn多金属矿床
Fig. 1. Profile map of deposit geologic feature
表 1 花岗岩蚀变分带模式及找矿意义
Table 1. Alterations zoning model of granite and its prospecting significance
蚀变分带 厚度(m) 找矿意义 大理岩化带 几十至几百 大理岩重结晶程度高、裂隙带矿化显示或形成层间氧化矿指示下覆岩体 矽卡岩 1~5 接触带矽卡岩型锡铜多金属硫化物矿床 绿泥石、绿帘石化带 几至几十 星点状矿化或矿化不明显 钾化-电气石化-萤石化带 几至50 主要含矿层位，多元素共同富集，有利找矿标志层 钾化-绿帘石化带 几至20 含矿或矿化层 硅化带(含帘石化) 未见底 部分元素富集 
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表 2 各蚀变带稀土元素分异特征值对比
Table 2. Rare-earth element differentiation characteristic values of various alteration belts
参数 钾化-萤石化蚀变花岗岩矿石(23) 矿化绿泥-绿帘石化花岗岩(17) 风化花岗岩(11) 老厂岩体(5) 范围 均值 范围 均值 范围 均值 均值 ∑Y 32.83~73.22 44.40 31.70~63.02 31.44 13.46~38.11 27.96 24.94 δEu 0.06~0.14 0.11 0.02~0.11 0.09 0.06~0.14 0.09 0.11 (La/Sm)N 1.30~3.59 2.72 0.83~5.14 3.20 2.02~3.72 2.91 2.08 (Gd/Yb)N 0.75~1.23 0.96 0.65~1.47 1.23 0.96~1.45 1.19 1.07 (La/Yb)N 1.99~5.97 3.70 0.67~7.61 6.15 2.80~10.20 5.54 2.76 ΣREE 142.40~401.70 238.61 174.60~402.60 239.34 143.00~242.20 193.38 110.16 测试单位：廊坊物探化探研究所，2009年；括号内的数据表示参与统计样品数；稀土元素单位10-6.
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表 3 流体包裹体均一温度
Table 3. Homogenization temperature of fluid inclusion
样号 气液比 均一温度范围(℃) 平均温度(℃) xag-14 0.9∶0.1~0.95∶0.05 140.5~333.0 240.56 xag-16 0.8∶0.2~0.9∶0.1 105.5~308.5 226.29 xag-20 0.8∶0.2~0.9∶0.1 113.0~348.0 220.13 xag-23 0.9∶0.1 152~221.5 193.60 xag-27 0.9∶0.2~0.9∶0.1 187.0~301.5 232.76 xag-29 0.8∶0.2~0.9∶0.1 139.5~294.0 215.30 xag-31 0.8∶0.3~0.9∶0.1 159.5~319.0 209.13 xag-95 0.9∶0.2~0.9∶0.1 115.0~268.5 219.34 xag-103 0.9∶0.1 174.0~373.5 261.14 xag-113 0.8∶0.2~0.9∶0.1 179.0~319.5 215.67 xag-205 0.9∶0.1 167.0~252.5 211.33 xag-222 0.9∶0.1~0.95∶0.05 148.0~279.0 193.40 xag-227 0.9∶0.1 168.5~302.0 233.18 xag-228 0.8∶0.2~0.9∶0.1 227.0~383.5 281.00 *均一法流体包裹体测温由中国地质大学(武汉)地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室完成.
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