福建中生代钼矿的辉钼矿矿物学特征

王翠芝; 刘文元

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2013.121

福建中生代钼矿的辉钼矿矿物学特征

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2013.121

王翠芝^{1, 2,},
刘文元^{1, 2}

1.
福州大学紫金矿业学院, 福建福州 350108
2.
福建省矿产资源重点实验室, 福建福州 350108

基金项目:

福建省自然科学基金 2010J01257

国家自然科学基金项目 41072067

详细信息

作者简介:
王翠芝(1965-), 女, 副教授, 博士, 主要从事矿床成矿规律及矿产开发利用方向研究.E-mail: Wcuizhi@163.com

中图分类号: P578
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2012-12-27
- 刊出日期: 2013-06-01

Mineralogical Characterstics of Molybdenite of Mesozoic Molybdenum in Fujian Province

WANG Cui-zhi^{1, 2
,},
LIU Wen-yuan^{1, 2}

1.
College of Zijin Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
2.
Fujian Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources, Fuzhou 350108, China

摘要

摘要: 福建中生代钼矿分布广泛, 并伴生有一定的铼.通过系统研究福建中生代钼矿基本特征, 总结出主要有斑岩型、岩浆期后热液型、火山热液型、构造角砾岩型(热液石英脉型)及少量矽卡岩型, 选择坪地、上西坑、罗卜岭、马坑等4个典型钼矿进行重点研究.在野外地质调查、岩相学的基础上, 进行了矿相学及辉钼矿矿石矿物学的系统研究, 得出福建中生代钼矿中辉钼矿的晶体形态主要表现为颗粒较大(粗到中细粒), 结晶度高, 多呈片状、鳞片状、局部板状, 多色性明显, 个别矿区辉钼矿颗粒较小, 结晶较差, 多色性不明显; 辉钼矿多型主要为2H, 少量2H+3R型、3R型; 辉钼矿矿物化学成分中微量杂质元素(包括Re含量, 一般为(N~N×100)×10^-6, 并以(N~N×10)×10^-6为主)较低.本区辉钼矿的这些矿物学特征说明其形成时的温度条件较高, 多为中高温环境, 其物源可能是壳幔混染源, 且以壳源为主; 中生代钼成矿在福建省内具普遍性, 辉钼矿中的Re作为有益的伴生元素具有一定的综合利用价值.
- 福建省 /
- 中生代 /
- 辉钼矿 /
- 矿物 /
- 指示作用 /
- 地球化学
Abstract: Mesozoic molybdenum deposits are distributed widely in Fujian, and associated with a certain amount of rhenium. This study explores Mesozoic molybdenum deposits in Fujian. It is found by analysis of characteristics of ore petrology and mineralogy of molybdenite of typical molybnum deposits (Pingdi, Shangxikeng, Luobuling, Makeng, etc.) in Fujian Province, five types of the molybdenum deposits have been determined, including the porphyry type, the magmatic hydrothermal type, the volcanic hydrothermal type, the tectonic breccia type and a few skarn type. Our systematic field investigation and petrography study finds that the ores mainly have coarse-medium fine grain, platy texture, small amount of thick tabular texture; the ore mineral(only molybdenite) is of leaden color, obvious polychroism, 2H polymorph (a small amount of 2H+3R, 3R), low contents of impurities including Re((N-N×100)×10^-6, most(N-N×10)×10^-6), which indicates the ores formed in moderate-high temperature condition and the ore originates from crust-mantle mixed source (most crust source); Mesozoic molybdenum mineralization is of universality in Fujian province; and as a kind of accompanying elements, Re is of some comprehensive utilization value.
- Fujian Province /
- Mesozoic /
- molybdenite /
- minerals /
- indication /
- geochemistry

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图 1 福建沿海区域地质构造示意图(据1∶50万福建省地质图修编，1998)

1.主要断层；2.背斜；3.向斜；4.片理化；5.主要水系；6.省界线；7.主要城镇；8.典型钼矿

Fig. 1. Sketch of the regional geological structure in Fujian coastal areas

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图 2 典型钼矿中辉钼矿的形态(本图为二次电子扫描图像)

a.坪地I₁矿体硅化岩中片状辉钼矿；b、c.坪地I₆矿体细粒及厚板状辉钼矿；d~f.上西坑矿段Ⅳ₁矿体硅化岩中细晶辉钼矿及构造角砾岩中弯曲的板状辉钼矿；g.罗卜岭铜钼矿体中片状的辉钼矿；h.马坑铁矿伴生钼矿体中板状辉钼矿

Fig. 2. Shape of molybdenite in typical Mo deposits

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图 3 典型钼矿辉钼矿的X光衍射图谱与标准辉钼矿多型的峰型的对比

(1)~(3)坪地矿段辉钼矿；(4)~(5)上西坑矿段辉钼矿；(6)罗卜岭铜钼矿；(7)马坑铁矿辉钼矿；2H、3R峰位及峰值为Jade5软件加载的PDF卡片中的数据；2H、3R型辉钼矿的峰位及峰值为Jade5软件加载的PDF卡片中的数据；衍射指数(hkl)数据引自文献(毛兴莉等，1988；王奖臻等，2004)；数据对比时，主要依据特征网间距d值来确定特征面网，d_hkl=λ/2sinθ_hkl

Fig. 3. Comparison of X-ray diffraction patterns of molybdenite of the typical molybdenum deposits with patterns of standard molybdenite polymorph

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图 4 辉钼矿中微量元素曲线

PDI₁(12)为坪地12个点平均值；PDI₆(15)为坪地15个点平均值；SXK(12)为上西坑12个点平均值；MK(7)为马坑7个点平均值；LBL(8)为紫金山罗卜岭8个点平均值

Fig. 4. Trace elements of molybdenite

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图 5 福建中生代典型钼矿中辉钼矿的铼含量与其他类型钼矿中的对比

1~6矿床的数据黄典豪(1992)；1.国外斑岩型铜(钼)矿床；2.我国斑岩型铜(钼)矿床；3.国外斑岩岩钼矿床；4.我国斑岩型钼矿床；5.黄龙铺碳酸岩脉型钼(铅)矿床；6.南泥湖-三道庄斑岩-矽卡岩型钼(钨)矿床；7.北岔门铅锌矿辉钼矿；8.福建砺山钼矿(王成辉等，2009)；9.赤路斑岩钼矿(张克尧等，2009)；10.福建省永定山口钼矿(罗锦昌等，2009)；11.坪地钼矿；12.上西坑钼矿；13.罗卜岭铜钼矿；14.马坑铁钼矿；11~14矿床数据为本文实测

Fig. 5. Comparison of Re content of molybdenite of Mesozoic molybdenum deposits in Fujian with others

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表 1 福建中生代主要钼矿统计

Table 1. Statistics of main Mesozoic molybdenum deposits in Fujian

序号	矿床名称	矿床类型	年龄(Ma)	同位素资料来源
1	坪地钼矿	中高温热液型	102.9±1.8	本文Re-Os测年(另文报道)
2	上西坑钼矿	中低温热液型	102.0±1.5	本文Re-Os测年(另文报道)
3	罗卜岭铜钼矿	斑岩型	109.0±1.7	王登红等，2010
4	马坑铁钼矿	热液型(矽卡岩型)	130.5±0.9	邱小平，2008(内部资料)
5	福安赤路钼矿	斑岩型	105.3±1.6	张克尧等，2009
6	周宁咸格钼矿	斑岩型	102.6	王登红等，2010
7	古田三保钨钼矿	岩浆期后热液型	81.5~85.0	郑开旗，1989
8	永泰无岩坑钼矿	岩浆期后热液型	燕山晚期	谭元松，2010
9	漳平北坑场多金属矿	岩浆期后热液型	139.8±2.3~143.7±2.1	张达等，2010
10	平和钟腾铜钼矿	斑岩型	109.0±2.8	王登红等，2010
11	仙游砺山钼矿点	岩浆期后热液型	91.7±4.9	王成辉等，2009
12	宁化行洛坑钨钼矿	含钨石英脉型	156.3±4.8	张家菁，2008
13	永定山口钼矿	火山热液型	165.3±3.5	罗锦昌，2009
14	霞浦大湾铍钼矿	热液充填-交代型	J₃	杨武平，2007

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表 2 福建中生代典型钼矿辉钼矿电子探针结果(%)

Table 2. Electron probe microanalysis of molybdenite of typical Mesozoic molybdenum deposits in Fujian

矿床	矿体(探针点数)	W	As	Se	Re	S	Mo	Cu	Sn	Fe	Mn	Total
坪地	PDI₁(12)	0.016 1	0.000 1	0.002 3	0.005 9	40.148 4	59.490 3	0.022 6	0.002 9	0.069 6	0.002 5	99.850 0
坪地	PDI₆(15)	0.006 4	0.000 5	0.001 7	0.012 6	40.260 7	59.889 1	0.003 9	0.013 1	0.015 6	0.006 3	100.210 8
坪地	PD(27)	0.011 2	0.000 3	0.002 0	0.009 2	40.204 6	59.689 7	0.013 3	0.008 0	0.042 6	0.004 4	100.030 4
上西坑	SXKIV₁(12)	0.009 2	0.001 4	0.014 3	0.010 6	39.904 1	59.271 9	0.006 0	0.003 8	0.028 3	0.003 3	99.402 6
马坑	MK(7)	0.009 4	0.005 2	0.016 1	0.011 6	40.195 7	59.620 1	0.022 4	0.011 1	0.006 9	0.197 4	100.096 0
罗卜岭	LBL(8)	0.080 0	0.001 9	0.009 0	0.000 1	40.207 7	59.712 9	0.003 4	0.005 1	0.018 7	0.006 1	100.045 0
	矿床	Mo+S			Re/Mo			微量元素总和
特征值	坪地	99.86			0.000 155			0.14
特征值	上西坑	99.77			0.000 178			0.23
特征值	马坑	99.72			0.000 194			0.28
特征值	罗卜岭	99.88			0.000 001 7			0.12
注：电子探针数据由福建省矿产资源重点实验室测试，测试人：刘文元；测试时间：2011年12月.测试条件：仪器型号JXA-8230，电压20 kV，电流20 nA，束斑5 μm，标样：金属W、Re、Sn、GaAs、MoS₂、Bi₂S₃、CdSe、FeS₂、CuFeS₂、MnS.微量元素的检测限是50×10^-6，有效数字为3位(小数点后)，仅Re/Mo取6位.

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表 3 不同多型的辉钼矿中化学成分对比

Table 3. Comparison of chemical composition of different polymorph molybdenite

序号	矿床名称	多型	Mo(%)	S(%)	Mo+S(%)	Re(10^-6)	杂质(%)	杂质成分
1	大石沟	2H	58.20	37.80	96.00	381	4.00	Mn、Fe、Ti、Ce、Co、U、Ta、Nb、Sn、Zr、V、La、Yb、Lu、Cr
2	金堆城	2H	58.80	39.40	98.20	21	1.80	Fe、Ti、Mn、Co、Nb、Ce、La、Ta、Bi、W、Ca、Cr、V
3	石家湾	2H	57.90	37.50	95.40	23	4.60	Fe、Ti、Ni、Ce、La、Mn、Co、Cr、Ta、Ca、Sn、Nb、Y、V、Zr、Bi
3	石家湾	2H+3R	56.80	36.90	93.70	42	6.30	Fe、Ti、Ni、Ce、La、Mn、Co、Cr、Ta、Ca、Sn、Nb、Y、V、Zr、Bi
4	南泥湖	2H	54.05	38.94	92.99	38	7.01	Fe、Re
5	马圈	2H	58.87	40.23	99.10	18	0.90	Fe、Re
6	黄背岭	2H	58.23	38.50	96.93	8	3.07	Fe、Re
7	白乃庙	3R	57.66	37.44	95.10	1 800	4.90	Fe、Re
8	三保	2H	59.60	39.88	99.48	30	0.52	Se、Te
9	紫云	2H+3R	59.01	34.20	93.21	50	6.79	Se、Te
10	坪地	2H	59.67	40.19	99.86	92	0.14	W、As、Se、Re、Cu、Sn、Fe、Mn
11	上西坑	2H	59.63	40.14	99.77	106	0.23
12	罗卜岭	2H	59.71	40.21	99.88	1	0.12
13	马坑	3R	59.62	40.20	99.72	116	0.28
注：1~3.陈福根等(1984)；4~7.韩吟文(1988)；8~9.毛兴莉等(1988)；10~13.本文.

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表 4 福建中生代主要钼矿中辉钼矿的矿物学主要特征对比表

Table 4. Comparison of main mineralogical characteristics of molybdenite in major Mesozoic molybdenum deposits in Fujian

序号	矿床名称	成因类型	晶形	多型	形成温度(℃)	Re含量(10^-6)及资料来源
1	坪地钼矿	中高温热液石英脉型	片状	2H		2.354~54.65(本文)
2	上西坑钼矿	中低温热液石英脉型	鳞片状	2H		1.479~34.35(本文)
3	罗卜岭铜钼矿	斑岩型	鳞片状	2H		1.43(本文电子探针)
4	马坑铁钼矿	热液型(矽卡岩型)	鳞片状	3R		116(本文电子探针)
5	福安赤路钼矿	斑岩型	鳞片状	2H	191~224	4.277~16.174(张克尧等，2009)
6	周宁吴山底钼矿	构造蚀变带型	粉末状	2H+3R	260
7	周宁紫云钼矿	蚀变脉型	粉末状	2H+3R	260
8	古田香峰钨钼矿	热液石英脉型	鳞片状	2H
9	古田三保钨钼矿	热液石英脉型	鳞片状	2H
10	永泰犁壁坑钼矿	斑岩型	片状	2H
11	永泰焦坑钼矿	斑岩型	鳞片状	2H
11	永泰焦坑钼矿	热液石英脉型	片状	2H	370
12	永泰无岩坑钼矿	岩浆期后热液型	鳞片状	2H		谭元松，2010
13	永泰犁壁坑钼矿	斑岩型	鳞片状	2H
13	永泰犁壁坑钼矿	热液石英脉型	片状	2H
14	漳平洛阳钼矿	斑岩型	鳞片状	2H	350
14	漳平洛阳钼矿	热液石英脉型	细鳞状	2H+3R	200	97~168
15	漳平北坑场多金属矿	岩浆热液	它形粒状			0.996~7.062(张达等，2010)
16	平和钟腾铜钼矿	斑岩型	片状	2H		王登红等，2010
17	古田香峰钨钼矿	热液石英脉型	鳞片状	3R+2H	205
18	仙游砺山钼矿点	热液石英脉型	粉末状	3R+2H		8.426~14.257(王成辉等，2009)
19	永春东山寨钼矿	热液型	鳞片状	2H
20	南靖南坑钼矿点	热液型	鳞片状	2H
21	宁化行洛坑钨钼矿	含钨石英脉	鳞片状			2.851~4.292(张家菁等，2008)
22	永定山口钼矿	细脉	浸染状			31.131~58.455(罗锦昌等，2009)
23	霞浦大湾铍钼矿	中高温热液型	鳞片状			杨武平，2008
注：表中除有标著引文外，其余毛兴莉等(1988).

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