基于无人机遥感的河流阶地提取

李辉; 余忠迪; 蔡晓斌; 胡尊语

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2017.061

基于无人机遥感的河流阶地提取

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2017.061

1.
中国地质大学地球科学学院，湖北武汉 430074
2.
中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所，湖北武汉 430077

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41391240191

中国地质调查局项目 No.DD20160255

国家自然科学基金项目 Nos.41201429

详细信息

作者简介:
李辉(1979-)，男，副教授，主要从事遥感地学应用等研究.ORCID:0000-0001-9275-5408.E-mall：leelmars@gmail.com

中图分类号: P904
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-12-16
- 刊出日期: 2017-05-15

River Terrace Extraction Based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Remote Sensing

1.
School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2.
Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China

摘要

摘要: 河流阶地记录了河流演变过程中因构造抬升或气候变化引起的侵蚀基准面变化的信息，阶地的提取与划分对于新构造研究与古气候重建有着重要的意义，在分析传统阶地提取方法不足的基础上，提出了一种利用无人机遥感进行阶地提取的新方法.该方法利用无人机航拍影像和高精度地面控制点，通过基于计算机视觉的多视立体运动恢复结构(structure from motion with multi-view stereo, SfM-MVS)技术自动生成研究区高分辨率的正射影像和数字表面模型(digital surface model，DSM)，在此基础上根据河流阶地的几何特征，利用高程、坡度及影像灰度等统计量实现阶地信息的提取.利用这一方法对汉江支流蛮河下游河段的阶地进行了提取试验.结果表明，该方法能够提取到两级河流阶地和一级河漫滩信息，提取结果与野外实测结果有较好的一致性.与传统阶地提取方法相比，该方法具有精度好、效率高、可视化效果全面直观等优势，显示出无人机遥感在河流地貌学研究中的巨大优势和广阔应用前景.
- 河流阶地 /
- 无人机 /
- 遥感 /
- 数字表面模型 /
- 汉江 /
- 水文地质
Abstract: River terraces record the information of environmental changes in the process of river evolution. Proper identification and classification of terraces are of great importance to the paleo-environmental reconstruction and local tectonic evolution. Based on the analysis of drawbacks of the traditional approaches, a terrace extraction method using the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing is proposed. In this paper, the UAV images and high precision ground control points are used to automatically generate the high resolution DSM (digital surface model) and orthophoto using computer vision-based structure from motion with multi-view stereo photogrammetry (SfM-MVS) techniques. On this basis, the geometric characteristics of river terraces, including the elevation, slope, and image textures are employed to delineate terraces. The proposed method is used to extract the river terraces in the lower reaches of Manhe River, a branch of Hanjiang River. The results show that the terraces extracted with the proposed method have a good agreement with those measured in the field. The proposed method has advantages of high precision and efficiency, and effective visualization for terrace representation. This method provides the technical support for the recognition of terraces, and reveals the potential of UAV remote sensing in geomorphology studies.
- river terrace /
- unmanned aerial vehicle /
- remote sensing /
- digital surface model /
- Hanjiang River /
- hydrogeology

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图 1 Phantom 4无人机及地面控制系统

Fig. 1. Phantom 4 UAV and ground control system

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图 2 研究区位置

Fig. 2. Location of the study area

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图 3 地面控制点测量

Fig. 3. Ground control points measurement

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图 4 研究河段无人机航线规划

Fig. 4. UAV flight planning for the study reach

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图 5 研究河段正射影像(a)和DSM(b)

Fig. 5. Orthomosaic (a) and DSM (b) of the study reach

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图 6 研究河段阶地提取结果

Fig. 6. Extracted terraces in the study reach

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图 7 研究河道左岸(a)和右岸(b)阶地剖面

Fig. 7. Elevation profiles of terraces in the left (a) and right (b) bank of the study reach

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图 8 研究区左岸(a)右岸(b)阶地野外验证

Fig. 8. Field validation of extracted terraces in the left (a) and right (b) bank of the study reach

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表 1 相机参数

Table 1. Camera parameters

	焦距(mm)	主像点x (mm^-1)	主像点y (mm^-1)	R₁	R₂	R₃	T₁	T₂
初始值	3.722	3.159	2.369	-0.001	-0.002	0.000	-0.001	-0.001
校正值	3.417	3.180	2.296	-0.007	0.005	0.005	-0.001	0.000
注：R₁，R₂，R₃.相机镜头径向畸变参数；T₁，T₂.相机镜头切向畸变参数.

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表 2 检查点误差

Table 2. Errors of check points

编号	X(m)	Y(m)	Z(m)
1	0.086 9	-0.006 1	-0.198 7
2	0.065 7	-0.022 1	-0.093 8
3	0.004 3	-0.044 2	0.063 5
4	0.005 2	-0.021 7	0.096 8
5	-0.059 0	0.056 9	-0.055 6
6	-0.064 1	-0.010 0	0.146 8
7	-0.025 9	0.097 7	-0.095 5
RMSE(m)	0.053 7	0.047 6	0.116 7

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表 3 阶地高度信息

Table 3. Statistics of extracted terraces

阶地	前缘高度(m)		后缘高度(m)		面积(m²)
阶地	左岸	右岸	左岸	右岸	左岸	右岸
T0	122.8	122.6	123.9	123.1	27 721.2	4 767.8
T1	124.5	123.8	125.3	124.6	7 373.2	1 422.0
T2	126.1	125.9	126.3	126.2	1 357.5	488.5

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