Sedimentary Models and Physical Properties of Mound-Shoal Complex Reservoirs in Sinian Dengying Formation, Sichuan Basin
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摘要: 研究丘滩复合体沉积模式有助于预测四川盆地灯影组优质储层.基于钻井和露头资料，通过微观薄片鉴定，发现丘滩体主要的岩石结构为藻白云岩，并可进一步细分为5种微相：丘基、丘核、丘坪、丘盖和丘翼.识别出3种典型的微相组合类型，包括反映加积的"丘基-丘核-丘坪"序列，反映迁移的"丘基-丘核-丘翼"序列，反映终止的"丘基-丘核-丘盖"序列.结合沉积相带分布，将灯影组丘滩分为加积型台缘丘滩、迁移型台缘丘滩、台内丘滩、台内台坪4种类型.其中加积型台缘丘滩体主要沉积"丘基-丘核-丘坪"序列，旋回性明显，丘核多发育格架残留孔、洞，并在反映储集性能的储层总厚度、孔隙度、渗透率等方面均有优势，是四川盆地灯影组最有利的丘滩储集体.Abstract: Mound-shoal complex sedimentary models are important for the high-quality reservoir exploration of the Dengying Formation in the Sichuan basin. Based on core and outcrop profile and thin section observation, it is found that the main rock type of the mound-shoal complex is cyanobacteria dolostone. The mound-shoal complex consists of five microfacies including mound base, mound core, mound flat, mound cap and mound flank. There are three types of vertical combination rules of these microfacies, namely, the mound base-core-flat sequence reflecting aggradation, the mound base-core-flank sequence reflecting migration and the mound base-core-cap reflecting termination. According to the distribution of sedimentary facies, the mound-shoal complex of the Dengying Formation is divided into four types including aggradation platform margin mound-shoal complex, migration platform margin mound-shoal complex, platform interior mound-shoal complex and platform interior flat. The study shows that the aggradation platform margin mound-shoal complex mainly deposits the mound base-core-flat sequence, with obvious cyclicity. Its mound core develops a large number of framework residual pores and holes. Due to its advantages in total reservoir thickness, porosity and permeability, it is concluded that the aggradation platform margin mound-shoal complex is the high-quality reservoir of the Dengying Formation in the Sichuan basin.
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图 1 四川盆地灯四段沉积相平面分布与灯影组岩性特征
a.四川盆地灯四段沉积相平面分布；b.灯影组岩性特征
Fig. 1. Tectonic partition in the Sichuan basin, distribution of microbial mound-shoal complex and lithological characteristics of the Dengying Formation
图 2 四川盆地灯影组常见岩石类型、沉积微相和储集空间的野外露头与岩心照片
a.藻纹层白云岩，常见于丘基、丘坪，峨边先锋，灯二段；b.藻叠层格架白云岩，常见于丘核，遵义松林，灯二段；c.藻凝块白云岩，常见于丘核，南江杨坝，灯二段；d.藻凝块格架白云岩，常见于丘核，凝块间格架残留孔，峨边先锋，灯二段；e.核形石白云岩，常见于丘翼，南江杨坝，灯二段；f.泥晶白云岩，常见于丘盖，天星1井，2 536 m，灯四段；g.白云岩内部的短期褐黄色暴露风化面，高频层序界面，宁强胡家坝，灯四段；h.藻格架白云岩，常见于丘核，发育层状溶洞与顺层溶孔、溶洞，磨溪22井，5 417.84 m，灯四段；i.藻叠层格架白云岩，常见于丘核，层状格架残留洞，宁强胡家坝，灯四段
Fig. 2. Outcrop and core photos of common rock types and sedimentary microfacies and reservoir space of the Dengying Formation in the Sichuan basin
图 4 四川盆地灯影组丘滩体储层类型沉积模式
a.加积型台缘丘滩体沉积模式，以胡家坝剖面灯四段为例；b.迁移型台缘丘滩体沉积模式，以先锋剖面灯二段为例；c.台内丘滩体沉积模式，以福成剖面灯四段为例；d.台内台坪沉积模式，以杨坝剖面灯四段为例
Fig. 4. The depositional models of the microbial mound-shoal complex reservoir types in the Dengying Formation, Sichuan basin
图 5 四川盆地灯影组常见岩石类型、沉积微相和储集空间的薄片镜下照片
a.层状格架残留孔，藻叠层格架白云岩，常见于丘核，宁强胡家坝，灯四段，单偏光；b.层状格架残留孔、洞，藻凝块格架白云岩，常见于丘核，宁强胡家坝，灯四段，单偏光；c.残余藻砂屑白云岩，常见于丘翼，残余粒间孔，马深1井，8 106.7 m，灯四段，单偏光；d.藻砂屑白云岩，常见于丘翼，南江杨坝，灯四段，单偏光；e.泥晶白云岩，常见于丘盖，丁山1井，3 571.9 m，灯四段，单偏光；f.泡沫绵层白云岩，常见于丘核，林1井，2 765.97 m，灯四段，单偏光；g.泡沫绵层白云岩，常见于丘核，少量格架残留孔，遵义松林，灯二段，单偏光；h.格架残留洞，藻凝块格架白云岩，常见于丘核，天星1井，2 189.33 m，灯四段，单偏光；i.裂缝，南江杨坝，灯二段，单偏光
Fig. 5. Thin section micrographs of common rock types, sedimentary microfacies and reservoir space of the Dengying For mation, Sichuan basin
图 6 四川盆地灯影组丘滩体储层孔隙度、渗透率特征
a.不同微相孔隙度分布特征；b.不同微相渗透率分布特征；c.不同微相孔渗交汇图
Fig. 6. Porosity and permeability characteristics of the mound-shoal complex of the Sinian Dengying Formation in the Sichuan basin
图 7 林1井微生物丘滩复合体与储层发育关系
Fig. 7. Relationship between the mound-shoal complex and reservoir development, Well Lin 1
图 8 四川盆地灯影组丘滩体储层综合对比
Fig. 8. Comprehensive comparison of the mound-shoal complex of the Dengying Formation in the Sichuan basin
图 9 四川盆地灯影组丘滩体储层厚度对比(a)和孔隙度－渗透率对比(b)
Fig. 9. Comparison of the reservoir thickness (a) and porosity-permeability (b) of the mound-shoal complex of the Dengying Formation in the Sichuan basin
表 1 四川盆地震旦系灯影组微生物丘滩复合体沉积微相划分
Table 1. Sedimentary microfacies of the microbial mound-shoal complex of Sinian Dengying Formation in Sichuan basin
亚相 微相 位于丘体位置 岩石类型 微生物丘滩复合体
（微生物丘）丘基 底部 藻纹层白云岩、少量颗粒（藻砂屑、核型石）白云岩 丘核 中部 藻格架白云岩、泡沫绵层白云岩、藻叠层白云岩、藻凝块白云岩 丘坪 顶部 藻纹层白云岩、少量颗粒（藻砂屑、核型石）白云岩、角砾状藻白云岩 丘盖 顶部 泥晶白云岩、藻纹层白云岩 丘翼 两翼 颗粒（藻砂屑、藻砾屑、核型石）白云岩、角砾状藻白云岩 
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