Structural Characteristic and Its Genetic Mechanism of Central Uplift in South Yellow Sea Basin
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摘要: 通过选取南黄海盆地中部隆起内部地震反射清晰、构造特征明显的典型地震剖面，开展精细的构造解释，系统梳理了南黄海盆地中部隆起的构造样式特征，识别出挤压（滑脱、高角度逆冲、对冲/背冲）、走滑（正花状、y字型）、伸展（铲式正断层）等多种构造组合样式.首次提出在中部隆起内部发育2条NW-SE向走滑断层.在此基础上，结合区域应力场特征和深部地球动力学背景，明确了中部隆起构造样式的发育期次、成因机制和构造演化历程.研究结果表明：（1）滑脱构造主要位于中部隆起北部，滑脱面位于志留系底部的泥页岩.滑脱构造应力机制来源于三叠纪末印支运动时期华北板块与下扬子板块之间的碰撞造山作用；（2）高角度逆冲主要位于中部隆起南部，其应力机制来源于早侏罗世燕山运动早期，古太平洋板块初始高速、低角度NW向俯冲；（3）走滑断层主要表现为具有压扭特征的正花状构造，位于中部隆起东南部、中西部，对应于早白垩世时期，古太平洋板块低角度俯冲由NW向转变为NNW向引起的左旋剪切作用，中国东部郯庐断裂在该时期亦表现为左旋剪切特征；（4）伸展正断表现为铲式正断层特征，发育在中部隆起南北边界，即在中部隆起与南黄海盆地南部坳陷、北部坳陷的接触部位，对应于晚白垩世燕山运动晚期，古太平洋板块由低角度俯冲转为高角度俯冲，此时中国东部构造应力体制经历着由挤压向拉张的转换.Abstract: By selecting typical seismic sections with clear internal seismic reflection and obvious structural features to carry out delicate structural interpretation, in this paper it systematically combines the structural style features of the central uplift in the South Yellow Sea basin, and identified the compressional structures (detachment, high angle thrust, opposite/back thrust), strike slip faults (positive flower, y-shaped), extensional normal fault (shovel-like normal fault) in the central uplift of the South Yellow Sea basin and so on. Among them, two NW-SE strike slip faults are proposed for the first time. On this basis, combined with the characteristics of regional stress field and the background of deep geodynamics, the development period, genetic mechanism and structural evolution course of the structural style in the central uplift are defined. The results show follows. (1) The detachment structure was mainly located in the north of the central uplift, and the detachment surface was located in the shale at the bottom of the Silurian strata. The tectonic stress mechanism of detachment originated from the collision orogeny between the North China plate and the Lower Yangtze plate at the end of Triassic. (2) The high angle thrust was mainly located in the south of the central uplift. The stress mechanism of the high angle thrust came from the initial high-speed and low angle NW subduction of the ancient Pacific plate during the early Yanshanian movement in Early Jurassic. (3) The strike slip faults were mainly positive flower structures with compression and torsion characteristics, which were located in the southeast and mid-west of the central uplift. The stress mechanism came from the sinistral shear caused by the low angle subduction of the ancient Pacific plate from NW to NNW in Early Cretaceous. The Tan-Lu fault in eastern China also showed sinistral shear characteristics in this period. (4) The extensional normal fault was characterized by shovel-like normal fault, which was developed in the north-south boundary of the central uplift, that was, the contact parts between the central uplift and the southern depression, the northern depression of the South Yellow Sea basin. The stress mechanism was derived from the transition of the paleo Pacific plate from low angle subduction to high angle subduction during the late Yanshanian movement in Late Cretaceous. At this time, the tectonic stress system in eastern China also changed from compression to extension.
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图 1 南黄海盆地及邻区构造区划简图（据陈建文等，2019修改）
Fig. 1. Structural division of the South Yellow Sea basin and its adjacent areas(after Chen et al., 2019)
图 2 南黄海盆地中部隆起地层与地震反射特征对照
Fig. 2. Comparison of strata and seismic reflection characteristics of the central uplift in the South Yellow Sea basin
图 3 南黄海盆地中部隆起地震反射界面波组特征（据陈建文等，2019修改）
Fig. 3. Characteristics of seismic reflection interface wave group in the central uplift, the South Yellow Sea basin(after Chen et al., 2019)
图 7 南黄海盆地中部隆起构造单元划分及典型构造样式
Fig. 7. Division of structural units and typical structural styles of the central uplift in the South Yellow Sea basin
图 8 南黄海盆地中部隆起典型构造样式及地震剖面图版
Fig. 8. Atlas of typical structural styles and seismic profiles in central uplift, the South Yellow Sea basin
图 9 中部隆起构造特征及成因机制
Fig. 9. Structural characteristic and its genetic mechanism of the central uplift
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