Geochronological, Geochemical and Sr-Nd Isotopic Characteristics of Carboniferous Rock Mass in Bayern Daba Area, Inner Mongolia and Its Constraints on Central Asian Orogenic Belt
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摘要: 为探讨内蒙古拜仁达坝岩体岩浆来源与构造环境，进而限制古亚洲洋闭合时间，锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学及Sr-Nd同位素地球化学研究结果表明，岩体由花岗闪长岩和石英闪长岩组成，岩石侵位年龄为327±2 Ma（MSWD=1.4）. 岩体具有偏铝质-弱过铝质钙碱性特征，富集Rb、Th、U、K，亏损Ba、Sr、P及Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素，Eu负异常，具典型岛弧钙碱性Ⅰ型花岗岩特征. 岩体具有亏损的Sr-Nd同位素组成，（87Sr/86Sr）i=0.705 8~0.709 6，εNd（t）=-4.93~0.01，TDM2=1.08~1.48 Ga，且锆石中发现有继承锆石，高Rb/Sr（0.70~2.63）、Zr/Hf（35.88~77.17）比值，表明岩浆起源于早石炭世晚期由中元古代幔源基性地壳物质熔融.拜仁达坝岩体形成于俯冲带的活动大陆边缘环境，认为西伯利亚板块南缘在晚石炭世已进入俯冲消减的活动大陆边缘演化阶段，进而表明此时古亚洲洋俯冲作用仍在持续.对兴蒙造山带南部早中二叠世中酸性岩体的研究也得到同样的结论，表明晚石炭世到晚二叠世古亚洲洋一直在向北俯冲消减，直到中晚三叠世后造山伸展环境形成的花岗岩类岩体出现，暗示古亚洲洋完全闭合.Abstract: In order to examine the magma origin and tectonic setting of the Bayern Daba rock mass in Inner Mongolia and thereby limit the closure of the paleo-Asian Ocean, zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb geochronological, geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic measurement and analysis are presented in this paper. Zircon U-Pb dating yields a weighted mean age of 327±2 Ma(MSWD=1.4), indicating an Early Carboniferous magmatic event. The Bayern Daba rock mass is characterized by the high Si, Na, Mg, Fe and metaluminous-peraluminous features. They are relatively enriched in Rb, Th, U and K, depleted in Ba, Sr, P, Nb, Ta and Ti, and enriched in LREE over HREE with negative Eu anormaly, showing the calc-alkaline Ⅰ-type granite in island arc. Their depleted isotopic compositions with (87Sr/86Sr)i from 0.705 8 to 0.709 6, negative εNd(t) values from -4.93 to 0.01, and TDM2 from 1.08 to 1.48 Ga, as well as the inherited zircon present in zircon, indicating that the magma source was derived from the partial melting of Mesoproterozoic mantle-derived basic materials. High Rb/Sr (0.70-2.63) and Zr/Hf (35.88-77.17) ratios and the positive correlation of ISr and εNd(t) isotopic data suggest contamination by a proportion of mantle material. Combined with regional tectonic evolution, the Bayern Daba rock mass was formed in the island-arc environment of an active continental margin in Carboniferous, which further suggests that the subduction of the paleo-Asian Ocean was still ongoing at that time. The same conclusion is also reported about the Early Permian intermediate-acidic rock masses in the southern part of the Xing-Meng orogenic belt, suggesting that the paleo-Asian Ocean had been subducting northward from Late Carboniferous up to Late Permian and did not fully close until the appearance of granitoids formed in a post-orogenic extensional environment in Middle to Late Triassic.
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Key words:
- Bayern Daba rock mass /
- Sr-Nd isotope /
- paleo-Asian Ocean /
- active continental margin /
- petrology
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图 1 中亚造山带大地构造位置简图(a)和区域岩浆活动的时空分布(b)
底图据王金芳等（2020）
Fig. 1. Sketch tectonic map of the Central Asian orogenic belt (a) and spatiotemporal distribution of regional magmatism (b)
图 2 区域构造略图(据刘翼飞等, 2010修改)(a)、研究区地质简图(b)
1.第四系；2.晚侏罗统满克头鄂博组；3.中侏罗统万宝组；4.中二叠统林西组；5.早二叠统大石寨组；6.中石炭统；7.古元古界宝音图群；8.晚石炭世花岗闪长岩；9.晚石炭世花岗岩；10.早白垩世花岗岩、花岗斑岩；11.断层；12.研究区
Fig. 2. Sketch tectonic map (according Liu et al., 2010) (a) and geological map of the study area(b)
图 3 拜仁达坝岩体岩石样品显微构造照片
a.花岗闪长岩岩石样品BR-2矿物特征（正交偏光）；b.花岗闪长岩岩石样品BR-3矿物特征（正交偏光）. 二者斜长石发育聚片双晶；Qz.石英；Pl.斜长石；Bit.黑云母
Fig. 3. Microstructural photographs of typical rocks of Bayern Daba pluton
图 4 拜仁达坝花岗闪长岩锆石阴极发光图像、分析点和年龄(a, b), 岩体锆石U-Pb年龄协和图(c, d)
a，c.样品NBR-2，花岗闪长岩；b，d.样品NBR-3，花岗闪长岩
Fig. 4. Representative CL images of analyzed zircons, ages and analysis spots (cycle) are marked on the zircons(a, b), and zircon U-Pb concordia diagrams(c, d) of Bayern Daba granodiorite
图 5 拜仁达坝岩体主量元素关系
a. TAS图解，底图据Irvine and Baragar（1971）；b. SiO2-K2O图解，底图据Rickwood et al.（1989）；c. A/CNK-A/NK图解，底图据Maniar and Piccoli（1989）
Fig. 5. Major element variation diagrams of Bayern Daba rock mass
图 6 稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式图(a)与微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(b)
原始地幔标准化值与球粒陨石标准化值据Sun and McDonough（1989）
Fig. 6. Chondrite-normalized REE distribution pattern diagram (a) and primitive mantle-normalized trace element spidergram (b) of Bayern Daba rock mass
图 7 拜仁达坝岩体(87Sr/86Sr)i-εNd(t)图解
底图a据Hou et al.（2004），图b据张旗等（2008）：B源区. 玄武岩源区；C源区. 陆壳源区；B-C源区. 壳幔过渡区；迪彦庙蛇绿岩数据来自程杨等（2019）
Fig. 7. (87Sr/86Sr)i-εNd(t) diagrams of Bayern Daba rock mass
图 8 拜仁达坝岩体分离结晶趋势
a. Ba-Sr图解；b. Ni-Cr图解；c. Rb/Sr-Sr图解；d.（La/Yb）N-La图解. 底图据邱检生等（2008），王梁等（2015）修改
Fig. 8. Diagrams showing the fractional crystallization of Bayern Daba rock mass
图 9 拜仁达坝岩体SiO2-P2O5相关性图解(a)、Rb-Y协变关系图解(b)和Rb-Th协变关系图解(c)
Fig. 9. SiO2 vs. P2O5 (a), Rb vs. Y (b) and Rb vs.Th (c) diagrams of Bayern Daba rock mass
图 10 拜仁达坝岩体分类判别图解(a, b), (La/Yb)N-(Yb)N (c)和Sr/Y-Y (d) 判别图解
Fig. 10. Classification diagrams (a, b), (La/Yb)N-(Yb)N (c) and Sr/Y-Y (d) discrimination diagrams of Bayern Daba rock mass
图 11 拜仁达坝岩体构造环境判别图解
a.Rb-（Y+Nb）图解，底图据Pearce et al.（1984）；b. Ta-Rb图解，底图据Pearce et al.（1984）；c. FAM图解，底图据Lameyre and Bowden（1982）；d. Rb/30-Hf-Ta*3图解，底图据Harris et al.（1986）
Fig. 11. Tectonic discrimination diagrams of Bayern Daba rock mass
表 1 拜仁达坝岩体主量元素(%)和微量元素(10-6)分析结果
Table 1. Major element (%) and trace element (10-6) analyses of Bayern Daba rock mass
岩性 石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩 样号 BR-2-1 BR-2-2 BR-2-3 BR-2-4 BR-3-1 BR-3-2 BR-3-3 BR-3-4 SiO2 65.77 67.03 66.23 62.53 61.34 62.73 64.45 65.71 TiO2 0.54 0.48 0.64 0.71 0.83 0.69 0.66 0.61 Al2O3 14.46 15.13 14.59 14.96 15.97 16.02 15.74 16.31 Fe2O3 2.21 1.68 1.94 2.66 2.54 1.84 2.02 0.67 FeO 2.42 2.28 2.75 4.09 3.69 3.40 3.09 3.46 MnO 0.08 0.10 0.09 0.17 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.09 MgO 2.06 1.82 2.32 3.22 2.82 2.54 2.21 1.76 CaO 2.64 3.31 3.01 4.29 5.02 3.46 4.83 2.39 Na2O 3.68 3.59 3.63 3.01 3.29 4.19 3.67 4.21 K2O 2.52 2.43 2.24 1.58 1.97 1.74 1.73 2.53 P2O5 0.15 0.13 0.16 0.23 0.19 0.18 0.23 0.17 LOI 2.68 1.62 1.76 2.34 1.97 2.93 1.13 1.87 A/CNK 1.06 1.04 1.05 1.03 0.96 1.06 0.94 1.16 A/NK 1.65 1.77 1.74 2.24 2.12 1.83 1.99 1.69 Mg# 45 46 48 47 46 47 45 44 K2O+Na2O 6.20 6.02 5.87 4.59 5.26 5.93 5.40 6.74 K2O/Na2O 0.68 0.68 0.62 0.52 0.60 0.42 0.47 0.60 Rb 127.00 124.00 84.10 79.20 58.80 22.00 67.40 49.50 Ba 575.79 222.47 474.41 293.11 385.84 394.24 224.56 336.04 Th 22.66 19.15 16.40 17.94 21.07 16.71 22.44 16.15 U 3.41 2.76 2.87 2.13 2.26 2.74 3.75 4.11 Nb 11.51 11.53 13.30 14.54 15.78 16.50 12.85 12.50 Ta 1.33 1.36 1.31 0.99 1.17 1.20 1.29 1.16 Sr 208.00 339.00 323.00 283.00 295.00 67.90 272.00 313.00 Zr 202.51 174.02 179.77 187.53 167.09 190.04 202.70 159.15 Hf 5.32 3.52 4.19 2.43 2.46 2.51 5.65 4.14 Y 14.40 20.43 19.24 15.86 33.59 26.06 23.54 26.40 Er 1.73 2.40 2.35 2.03 3.99 2.97 2.82 3.12 V 83.98 77.75 82.17 98.75 93.54 98.32 75.10 61.94 Cr 84.87 74.09 75.66 84.38 61.15 81.64 70.60 54.22 Co 10.91 10.04 11.22 14.07 6.54 11.73 11.07 5.08 Ni 27.06 22.16 28.95 33.33 33.24 35.14 21.69 19.60 La 44.32 36.40 36.00 39.11 30.45 39.11 39.58 38.19 Ce 74.31 66.34 64.60 68.39 60.01 73.81 71.61 66.69 Pr 9.16 8.26 8.09 8.54 7.59 9.68 9.31 8.76 Nd 26.73 24.70 24.47 24.83 23.96 30.27 28.05 26.29 Sm 5.13 4.89 5.17 4.77 5.33 6.41 5.74 5.47 Eu 1.21 1.17 1.09 0.97 1.04 1.33 1.14 0.86 Gd 6.17 6.56 6.73 6.31 7.29 8.51 7.17 6.98 Tb 0.72 0.75 0.77 0.71 1.02 1.10 0.87 0.96 Dy 2.84 3.77 3.69 3.05 5.79 5.09 4.33 4.67 Ho 0.57 0.76 0.76 0.61 1.28 1.03 0.93 1.01 Er 1.73 2.40 2.35 2.03 3.99 2.97 2.82 3.12 Tm 0.23 0.35 0.35 0.31 0.67 0.46 0.46 0.52 Yb 1.30 2.23 2.21 2.11 4.15 2.63 2.83 3.09 ∑REE 174.65 158.93 156.63 162.07 153.22 182.83 175.28 167.11 δEu 0.66 0.63 0.56 0.54 0.51 0.55 0.54 0.43 δCe 0.84 0.89 0.88 0.86 0.93 0.89 0.87 0.85 (La/Yb)N 22.98 11.00 10.98 12.50 4.95 10.03 9.43 8.33 Nb/Ta 8.63 8.48 10.18 14.71 13.50 13.79 9.96 10.75 Zr/Hf 38.04 49.40 42.93 77.24 67.93 75.69 35.86 38.40 
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表 2 拜仁达坝岩体Sr、Nd同位素分析数据
Table 2. Sr, Nd isotope data of Bayern Daba rock mass
岩性 花岗闪长岩、石英闪长岩 样品 BR-2-1 BR-2-2 BR-2-3 BR-2-4 BR-3-1 BR-3-2 BR-3-3 BR-3-4 NBR-2 NBR-3 Rb 127.00 124.00 84.10 79.20 58.80 22.00 67.40 49.50 71.20 54.80 Sr 208.00 339.00 323.00 283.00 295.00 67.90 272.00 313.00 274.00 177.00 87Rb/86Sr 1.767 6 1.058 9 0.753 5 0.809 9 0.576 9 0.937 7 0.717 2 0.457 7 0.752 2 0.896 1 87Sr/86Sr 0.714 0 0.713 8 0.710 0 0.710 5 0.711 0 0.710 7 0.711 4 0.711 7 0.712 2 0.712 0 (87Sr/86Sr)i 0.705 8 0.708 9 0.707 0 0.706 7 0.708 3 0.706 3 0.708 0 0.709 6 0.708 7 0.707 8 Sm 3.13 4.55 2.94 3.24 3.65 8.47 5.37 3.73 4.62 4.77 Nd 15.20 32.24 26.96 18.58 17.63 36.50 19.12 17.80 16.88 29.79 147Sm/144Nd 0.124 5 0.085 3 0.065 9 0.105 4 0.125 2 0.140 3 0.169 8 0.126 7 0.165 5 0.096 8 143Nd/144Nd 0.512 321 0.512 443 0.512 291 0.512 232 0.512 238 0.512 312 0.512 424 0.512 241 0.512 537 0.512 422 εNd(t) -3.71 0.01 -0.88 -4.40 -4.93 -4.87 -3.99 -4.83 -1.53 -0.82 fSm/Nd -0.37 -0.57 -0.66 -0.46 -0.36 -0.29 -0.14 -0.36 -0.16 -0.51 TDM2(Ga) 1.38 1.08 1.16 1.44 1.48 1.48 1.40 1.47 1.20 1.15
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