Quantification of Groundwater Discharge and Its Spatial Variability in Jingjiang Section of Middle Reach of the Yangtze River
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摘要: 地下水与河流的相互作用对于维持河流生态系统的健康十分关键，但是目前对于地下水向湿润地区大型河流排泄过程的定量化研究较为薄弱.针对这一问题，以长江中游荆江段为研究区，通过野外采样和水文气象数据收集，利用222Rn质量平衡模型定量估算长江中游荆江段的地下水排泄，并用EC质量平衡模型及水量平衡模型验证222Rn质量平衡的结果.结果显示：长江中游荆江段的平均地下水排泄速率为133 mm/d，排泄总量为1.06×108 m3/d，对水量平衡的贡献约为10.99%.其中枝城-沙市段地下水排泄速率最大，监利-螺山段地下水排泄速率最低.含水层富水性和地下水位可能是控制地下水排泄速率的关键因素.本研究对于流域水资源管理具有重要意义，也可为今后长江中游地区水资源的合理开发利用以及生态环境保护提供理论依据.Abstract: The interaction between groundwater and rivers is critical to maintaining the health of river ecosystems, but the quantitative research on the groundwater discharge to large rivers in humid regions is currently weak. In response to this problem, in this paper it takes the Jingjiang Section of the middle reach of the Yangtze River as the study area, and uses the 222Rn mass balance model to estimate the groundwater discharge in the Jingjiang Section of the middle reach of the Yangtze River through field sampling and hydrometeorological data collection, and uses the EC mass balance model and water balance model to verify the result of 222Rn mass balance. The results show that the average groundwater discharge rate of the Jingjiang Section in the middle reach of the Yangtze River is 133 mm/d, the total discharge volume is 1.06×108 m3/d, and the contribution to the water balance is about 10.99%. Among different sub-sections, the groundwater discharge rate from Zhicheng to Shashi is the highest, and the groundwater discharge rate from Jianli to Luoshan is the lowest. Aquifer richness and groundwater table may be key factors controlling the rate of groundwater discharge. This research is of great significance for the local eco-environmental protection and the control and management of water resources, and can also provide a theoretical basis for the better development and utilization of water resources in the middle reach of the Yangtze River and eco-environmental protection in the future.
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Key words:
- groundwater discharge /
- radon /
- water balance /
- Jingjiang River /
- middle reach of the Yangtze River /
- hydrogeology
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图 4 河心处222Rn活度沿程变化
Fig. 4. 222Rn concentration at the center of river change along the river
表 1 222Rn质量平衡参数值
Table 1. Parameter values for the 222Rn mass balance model
参数 值 数据来源 河水222Rn活度(Cw) 283.56 Bq/m3 野外测量 大气222Rn活度(Ca) 8.11 Bq/m3 野外测量 沉积物孔隙水222Rn活度(Cg) 1 020.50 Bq/m3 沉积物平衡培养实验 平均水温(T) 13.45℃ 野外测量 平均风速($ \mu $) 2.38 m/s 中国气象网 施密特数(Sc) 1456.75 公式(6) 气体分布系数(α) 0.311 公式(4) 孔隙度(n) 0.45 室内实验 宜昌站流量(m3/d) 6.25×108 湖北省常用水情网 枝城站流量(m3/d) 6.50×108 湖北省常用水情网 沙市站流量(m3/d) 7.13×108 湖北省常用水情网 监利站流量(m3/d) 7.19×108 湖北省常用水情网 螺山站流量(m3/d) 9.49×108 湖北省常用水情网 洞庭湖来水流量(m3/d) 2.54×108 湖北省常用水情网 清江来水流量(m3/d) 3.07×107 湖北省常用水情网 松滋河去水流量(m3/d) 1.49×107 湖北省常用水情网 上游及支流来水222Rn通量(Bq/m2d) 193.754 上游及支流来水流量乘以其中平均222Rn活度除以河段面积 下游及支流流出222Rn通量(Bq/m2d) 171.516 下游及支流流出流量乘以其中平均222Rn活度除以河段面积 大气扩散222Rn通量(Fatm)(Bq/m2d) 280.33 公式(3) 沉积物扩散222Rn通量(Fdiff)(Bq/m2d) 1.15 公式(7) 自身衰变222Rn通量(Bq/m2d) 421.94 公式(1) 地下水排泄222Rn通量(Fgw)(Bq/m2d) 678.86 公式(1) 
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表 2 不同端元的EC值
Table 2. Results of the EC values in different end members
河水 地下水 清江 松滋河 洞庭湖 上游来水 下游去水 EC(μs/cm) 353.1 684.4 265 355 263 376 359
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表 3 水量平衡模型的参数值(m3/d)
Table 3. Parameter values for the water balance model (m3/d)
河段体积变化 上游来水及支流流入 下游去水及支流流出 蒸发量 降雨量 -5.77×107 9.42×108 9.79×108 1.23×106 1.36×106
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表 4 含水层富水性及地下水位分段
Table 4. Segmental data of aquifer water content and groundwater lever
河段 含水层富水性
(L/sm)地下水位(m) 地下水排泄速率
V(mm/d)宜昌-
枝城中等
(0.1 < q < 1)高
(> 100)较强
(150 < V < 200)枝城-
沙市中等-强
(0.1 < q < 5)中等
(~40)强
(200 < V)沙市-
监利中等-强
(0.1 < q < 5)中等偏低
(~30)中等
(100 < V < 150)监利-
螺山中等-弱
(0 < q < 1)低
(~25)弱
(100 < V)注：q为钻孔单位涌水量.
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