Influence of Alkali Metasomatic Mineralization on Liushuwan Uranium Deposit in Lushi Wulichuan Area, West Henan Province
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摘要: 豫西卢氏五里川地区新发现的柳树湾铀矿碱交代成矿作用明显，对于豫西成矿带新一轮找矿战略行动具有直接指示意义.通过岩石学、岩石化学和同位素定年等研究，认为早古生代中期，深源岩浆上侵、熔融、交代中元古代秦岭微陆块，形成富碱含铀的灰池子岩体(429.4±5.3 Ma)和花岗伟晶岩(417.4±2.3 Ma)；早古生代晚期，混有幔源成分的含U、Na、Zr、Hf流体和含U、K、Nb、Ta流体富碱流体交代花岗伟晶岩，塑造了柳树湾花岗伟晶岩铀矿床；富碱流体在改变了岩体及伟晶岩的碱质(K+Na)、硅质(SiO2)、REE和Zr、Hf、Ti等元素分布环境的过程中，导致锆石U-Pb、白云母Ar-Ar和辉钼矿Re-Os同位素封闭体系受损.碱交代作用是岩体、花岗伟晶岩成岩以及柳树湾铀成矿的根本原因.Abstract: In order to discuss the mineralization of the Liushuwan uranium deposit in the Lushi Wulichuan area, West Henan Province, whose distinct alkali metasomatic mineralization has direct directive significance for a new round of prospecting strategic action in West Henan metallogenic belt. Therefore, it tests Huichizi pluton and exteral granitic pegmatite by petrology, petrochemistry, isotope zircon, muscovite, molybdenite incasing the granitic pegmatite by LA-ICP-MS U-Pb, Ar-Ar and Re-Os to find their linkage to uranium mineralization. It is recognized that the alkali metasomatism of mantle-derived fluids records the uranium mineralization. In Early Paleozoic, mantle derived alkaline magma invaded, melted and metasomatized the Mesoproterozoic Qinling microblocks to produce the uranium-bearing I-type Huichizi pluton (429.4±5.3 Ma) and granitic pegmatite (418.7±2 Ma), which accumulates uranium sources and served as a carrier for uranium ore. Post the formation of the granitic pegmatitte, fluid derived mantle continuously intruded and alkali metasomatised the Qingling Group, the Huichizi pluton and the pegmatite, which could alter their contents including K+Na, SiO2, REE, Zr, Hf, Ti, etc. In that case, the U-Pb, Ar-Ar and Re-Os isotopic closed systems respectively for zircon, muscovite and molybdenite would be broken. Two types of uranium-bearing hydrothermal fluids, respectively Na-Zr-Hf rich and K-Nb-Ta rich, mantle derived magma successively metasomatized the peripheral pegmatite of the Huichizi pluton to contribute the final formed Liushuwan granitic pegmatite uranium deposit. In summary, the mantle derived magma induced alkali metasomatism is the fundamental factor to contribute the spatial allocation of the Liushuwan uranium deposit, the Huichizi pluton and the granitic pegmatite. The uranium-bearing hydrothermal solution derivated from the mantle-sourced magma is the direct factor to the uranium mineralization. The alkali metasomatism destroyed the geochemical signature and isotopic system of the Huichizi pluton and the granitic pegmatite.Uranium-bearing hydrothermal solution is the direct factor of uranium mineralization in Liushuwan uranium deposit.The understanding of alkali metasomatism induced uranium mineralization in Lushi Liushuwan West Henan, not only provides a new perspective for studying the mechanism of granitic pegmatite-type uranium mineralization, but also shed insights on predicting uranium mineralization and expanding the scope for prospecting.
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图 1 豫西柳树湾铀矿区域地质简图
1.中元古代秦岭群；2.中元古代峡河岩群；3.中元古代官道口群；4.新元古代宽坪群；5.新元古代栾川群；6. 奥陶系陶湾群；7. 早古生代二郎坪群；8. 上三叠统五里川组；9. 上白垩统周家湾组；10. 晚元古代超基性岩；11. 晚元古代二长花岗岩；12. 早志留世石英二长岩；13. 早志留世二长花岗岩；14. 早志留世花岗闪长岩；15. 早志留世斜长花岗岩；16. 早侏罗世二长花岗岩；17. 早白垩世二长花岗岩；18. 深大断裂及编号；19. 铀矿床；20. 稀有金属/稀土矿床
Fig. 1. Regional geological sketch map of the Liushuwan deposit in West Henan Province
图 2 豫西卢氏灰池子岩体地质简图
1. 中元古代峡河岩群；2. 新元古代牛角山二长花岗岩；3. 早志留世花岗闪长岩；4. 早志留世二长花岗岩；5. 早石炭世辉长岩；6. 花岗伟晶岩脉；7. 断裂；8. 自然露头岩石化学样品采集点；9. 辉钼矿Re-O样品采集点；10. 白云母Ar-Ar样品采集点；11. 锆石U-Pb样品采集点；12. 样品采集钻探工程；13. 铌钽矿化/铀矿化；14. 锂铍铷锶铌钽矿化
Fig. 2. Geological sketch map of the Huichizi pluton in Lushi, West Henan Province
图 3 灰池子岩体外围地表伽玛异常分布
1. 中元古代峡河群；2. 中元古代牛角山岩组；3. 早志留世花岗闪长岩；4. 花岗伟晶岩脉；5. 断裂；6. 偏高场；7. 高场；8. 异常场；9. 铀矿床
Fig. 3. Distribution map of gamma anomaly along the rim of the Huichizi pluton
图 4 灰池子岩体、花岗伟晶岩成因类型和构造环境判别图解
造山花岗岩类：IAG. 岛弧花岗岩；CAG. 陆弧花岗岩；CCG. 大陆碰撞花岗岩；POG. 造山期后花岗岩.非造山花岗岩类：RRG. 裂谷花岗岩；CEUG. 大陆造陆隆起花岗岩；OP. 大洋斜长花岗岩
Fig. 4. Diagrammatic interpretation of genetic type and tectonic environment of Huichizi pluton and granitic pegmatite
图 5 灰池子岩体、花岗伟晶岩微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图
a.灰池子岩体蛛网图；b.花岗伟晶岩蛛网图
Fig. 5. Primitive mantle-normalized spidergrams for trace elements of the Huichizi pltuton (a) and granitic pegmatite (b)
图 6 灰池子岩体(a)、花岗伟晶岩(b)稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分曲线图
Fig. 6. Chondrite-normalized distribution patterns for REE of the Huichizi pltuton (a) and granitic pegmatite (b)
图 7 灰池子岩体(a)、花岗伟晶岩(b)锆石CL图像
Fig. 7. CL images for zircons of the Huichizi pltuton (a) and granitic pegmatite (b)
图 8 花岗伟晶岩脉锆石U-Pb年龄协和图
Fig. 8. U-Pb concordia patterns of the zircons from the granitic pegmatite
图 9 白云母(15GJ-01)40Ar-39Ar测年坪年龄谱
Fig. 9. 40Ar-39Ar age spectrum of muscovite from the Liushuwan uranium deposit
表 1 柳树湾铀矿样品特征
Table 1. Characteristics of uranium samples of Liushuwan uranium deposit
样号 深度(m) 岩石类型 测试内容 地段 ZK3701-61 61.00 黑云母二长花岗岩(灰池子岩体) 主量、微量 柳树湾 ZK3701-102 102.00 黑云母二长花岗岩(灰池子岩体) 主量、微量 柳树湾 ZK3701-133 133.00 黑云母二长花岗岩(灰池子岩体) 主量、微量 柳树湾 ZK0501-45 45.00 黑云花岗伟晶岩 主量、微量 柳树湾 ZK0501-49 49.00 弱钾化黑云花岗伟晶岩 主量、微量 柳树湾 ZK0501-104 104.00 黑云母花岗伟晶岩 主量、微量 柳树湾 ZK1001-153 153.00 黑云母花岗伟晶岩 主量、微量 柳树湾 ZK0001-64 64.00 黑云母花岗伟晶岩 主量、微量 柳树湾 ZK1601-199 199.00 钾化黑云花岗伟晶岩 主量、微量 化银坪 ZK1601-215 215.00 黑云母花岗伟晶岩 主量、微量 化银坪 ZK5401-38 38.00 钾化黑云花岗伟晶岩 主量、微量 王树堂 ZK5401-40 40.00 黑云花岗伟晶岩 主量、微量 王树堂 ZK5401-49 49.00 弱钾化黑云花岗伟晶岩 主量、微量 王树堂 ZK5401-57 57.00 黑云花岗伟晶岩 主量、微量 王树堂 ZK5401-65 65.00 黑云花岗伟晶岩 主量、微量 王树堂 2017HCZ-Sc-1 自然露头 中细粒似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩(灰池子岩体) 主量、微量 化银坪 2017HCZ-Sm-1 自然露头 中细粒花岗岩(灰池子岩体) 主量、微量 化银坪 301γ 自然露头 黑云母二长花岗岩(灰池子岩体) 锆石U-Pb定年 三道河 ρ301 自然露头301脉 黑云母花岗伟晶岩 锆石U-Pb定年 三道河 2017HCZ-HBG-Ar 自然露头 白云母(伟晶岩) Ar-Ar定年 黄柏沟 105-1-105-6 自然露头105脉 辉钼矿(伟晶岩) Re-Os定年 化银坪 
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表 2 柳树湾铀矿辉钼矿Re-Os样品特征
Table 2. Characteristics of molybdenite Re-Os samples from Liushuwan uranium deposit
样品编号 样品名称 样品重量(g) 围岩类型 产状 矿物组合 105-1 辉钼矿 0.52 花岗伟晶岩 135°∠65° 长石、石英、黑云母 105-2 辉钼矿 0.06 花岗伟晶岩 135°∠53° 长石、石英、黑云母 105-3 辉钼矿 0.33 花岗伟晶岩 135°∠53° 长石、石英、黑云母 105-4 辉钼矿 0.11 花岗伟晶岩 135°∠53° 长石、石英、黑云母 105-5 辉钼矿 0.18 花岗伟晶岩 135°∠53° 长石、石英、黑云母
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表 3 柳树湾铀矿花岗伟晶岩黄铁矿铅位素组成特征
Table 3. Pb isotopic compositions of pyrites from the Liushuwan uranium deposit
样品原号 样品 测试结果汇总 来源 208Pb/204Pb Stderr 207Pb/204Pb Stderr 206Pb/204Pb Stderr 201707ZK1301-y-2 黄铁矿 38.852 0.005 15.655 0.002 19.312 0.003 项目
(DD20160129)ZK5401HTK-Y1 黄铁矿 38.848 0.007 15.821 0.003 22.553 0.004 ZK1301HTK-Y3 黄铁矿 39.439 0.007 16.010 0.003 25.989 0.005 ZK1501HTK-ρ1 黄铁矿 39.822 0.007 18.038 0.003 63.014 0.011 林锐华等(2021) ZK1501HTK-D2 黄铁矿 38.569 0.007 15.602 0.003 18.141 0.003 ZK1501HTK-D3 黄铁矿 38.806 0.006 15.621 0.003 18.479 0.003 ZK0001HTK-D4 黄铁矿 38.633 0.003 15.632 0.001 18.616 0.002 ZK0001HTK-ρ3 黄铁矿 55.563 0.011 21.587 0.005 125.992 0.027 ZK1601HTK-ρ4 黄铁矿 39.331 0.006 16.018 0.002 43.502 0.007 ZK1601HTK-ρ5 黄铁矿 46.055 0.011 18.565 0.004 71.807 0.016 ZK1301HTK-Y2 黄铁矿 38.728 0.005 15.716 0.002 19.841 0.003 ZK1301HTK-Y4 黄铁矿 39.868 0.005 15.686 0.002 19.907 0.003
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表 4 光石沟铀矿床成矿时代结果
Table 4. Result of metallogenic epoch of Guangshigou uranium deposit
研究对象 围岩 测试方法 测年结果(Ma) 来源 晶质铀矿 花岗伟晶岩 产状推断 岩浆期 冯张生等(2021) 铀石 花岗伟晶岩 产状推断 热液期 冯张生等(2021) 晶质铀矿 花岗伟晶岩 U-Th-Pb定年 401.3±3.2 何厚锦等(2018) 晶质铀矿 黑云母伟晶岩 U-Th-Pb同位素 391 朱富社等(2014) 晶质铀矿 花岗伟晶岩 电子探针 407.6±8
416.9±10郭国林等(2012)
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