Deformation Characteristics and Stability Changes Characteristics of Reservoir Landslides with Double-Sliding Zones
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摘要: 三峡库区存在大量的双滑带及多滑带古滑坡，目前对库岸双滑带滑坡变形复活特征及稳定性响应特征的研究较少.以塔坪滑坡为例，通过工程地质勘察和监测资料分析，揭示了该滑坡变形复活特征.并进一步开展了库水位和降雨联合作用下塔坪滑坡的渗流场和稳定性数值模拟计算，揭示了不同滑带对库水位波动和降雨的响应特征.结果表明，塔坪滑坡为阶梯式变形模式，每年的雨季和库水位下降期，滑坡变形速度增大.滑坡表现为显著的前缘牵引式渐进破坏模式.降雨主要对浅层滑带的稳定性产生较大的影响，对深层滑带的影响较小.库水位抬升，浅层滑带的稳定性降低，深层滑带的稳定性增大；库水位下降，浅层滑带的稳定性增大，深层滑带稳定性减小.Abstract: A large number of ancient landslides with double or multi sliding zones exist in the Three Gorge Reservoir (TGR) area. However, there are few studies on the deformation characteristics and stability changes characteristics of the reservoir landslide with double sliding zones under the action of reservoir water level (RWL) fluctuation. In this paper, the deformation characteristics of Taping landslide were obtained by filed investigation and the in-situ monitoring data. Furthermore, numerical simulation was carried out to investigate seepage filed and stability characteristics of the Taping landslide under RWL fluctuation and precipitation. Then the responses of the two different sliding zones in the Taping landslide to RWL fluctuation and precipitation were revealed. The result indicates that the Taping landslide shows a significant retrogressive failure pattern. Precipitation mainly has a greater influence on the shallow sliding zone, and the influence of precipitation on the deep sliding zone is low. As the RWL rises, the stability of the shallow sliding zone decreases and the stability of the deep sliding zone increases. As the RWL drops, the stability of the shallow sliding zone increases and the stability of the deep sliding zone decreases.
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图 4 塔坪滑坡变形破坏迹象
滑坡平面图所示等高线单位为m
Fig. 4. Deformation and failure signs of the Taping landslide
图 6 塔坪滑坡位移时间序列变形曲线
Fig. 6. Time history of displacement curves of the Taping landslide
图 9 巫山塔坪滑坡175 m库水位和145 m库水位时地下水位线等势图(单位：m)
Fig. 9. Isoline maps of groundwater level at 175 m and 145 m reservoir water levels in the Taping landslide
图 12 数值模拟中施加的库水位和降雨
Fig. 12. Reservoir water level and precipitation applied in numerical simulation
图 13 库水位波动和降雨联合作用下塔坪滑坡浸润线
Fig. 13. Seepage lines of the Taping landslide under combined action of reservoir water level and precipitation
图 14 双滑带孔隙水压力波动
a. 浅层滑带; b. 深层滑带
Fig. 14. Porewater pressure variation in the double sliding zones
图 15 2014—2015塔坪滑坡双滑带稳定性变化曲线
Fig. 15. FOS variation curves of the Taping landslide during 2014—2015
图 16 滑坡整体稳定性与地表监测数据对比曲线
Fig. 16. Comparison between FOS curves and displacement curves of the Taping landslide
图 17 滑坡稳定性系数变化率与库水位高程及降雨强度的关系
a. 浅层滑带；b. 深层滑带
Fig. 17. Relationship between the change rate of FOS and the reservoir water level and precipitation
图 18 库水位升降速率与稳定性变化率之间的关系
Fig. 18. Relationship between fluctuation rate of reservoir water level and change rate of FOS
图 19 降雨与稳定性变化率之间的关系
Fig. 19. Relationship between precipitation and change rate of FOS
图 20 塔坪滑坡坡面水压力和水力梯度曲线
Fig. 20. Surface water pressure and hydraulic gradient of the Taping landslide
表 1 数值模型中材料的物理力学参数
Table 1. Physico-mechanical parameters applied in numerical modeling
材料 容重(kN/m3) 粘聚力(kPa) 内摩擦角(°) 饱和渗透系数(m/d) 碎石土 20.62 25.21 23.5 5 碎裂岩体 24.62 43.50 35.2 3 滑带一 17.90 32.00 18.8 2 滑带二 17.90 32.00 20.9 2 石英砂岩 基岩 0.2 
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