U-Pb Geochronology and Trace Element Analysis of Titanite from the Diaoquan Porphyry-Skarn Polymetallic Deposit, North China: Implication for Cu-Ag-Mo Mineralization
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摘要: 山西刁泉矿床是五台山-恒山矿集区内最为典型的斑岩-矽卡岩型多金属矿床，然而人们对该矿床斑岩和矽卡岩型矿化之间的成因联系及其成矿流体演化的认识还存在较大的争论.利用LA-ICPMS原位微区分析技术开展了对花岗斑岩和含矿矽卡岩中榍石的U-Pb同位素和微量元素分析，并测定了矿区侵入岩中锆石的U-Pb年龄.黑云母石英二长岩和花岗斑岩的锆石U-Pb定年结果表明其侵位时间分别为137.3±1.2 Ma和133.5±2.0 Ma，其中花岗斑岩的年龄与热液榍石的U-Pb年龄（133.6±2.2 Ma和132.8±2.5 Ma）在误差范围内完全一致，表明花岗斑岩与矽卡岩型铜银矿化关系密切.榍石中Sn元素的含量变化表明刁泉铜银多金属矿床成矿过程中氧逸度经历了一个升高的过程，然后又逐渐下降.Abstract: The Diaoquan deposit is a typical porphyry-skarn polymetallic deposit in the Wutaishan-Hengshan metallogenic district, North China. However, the relationship between porphyry and skarn mineralization processes have been the subject of intense debate. In this paper, in-situ laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) has been applied to U-Pb isotope and trace elements analysis of the zircon and titanite from granitic porphyry, biotite-quartz monzonite, and mineralized skarn. Zircons from biotite-quartz monzonite and granitic porphyry have weighted mean U-Pb ages of 137.3± 1.2 Ma and 133.5±2.0 Ma, respectively. The age of granitic porphyry is consistent with the hydrothermal titanite U-Pb ages (133.6±2.2 Ma and 132.8±2.5 Ma) of the mineralized skarn, suggesting the Cu-Ag skarn mineralization at the Diaoquan deposit was caused by coeval magmatism that related to the emplacement of granitic porphyry. The variation of Sn contents in titanite from the Diaoquan deposit suggest the oxygen fugacity of hydrothermal mineralization fluids significantly increase at prograde skarn stage, and then slightly decreased at retrograde skarn stage.
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图 1 华北克拉通构造概要图（a）；五台山‒恒山地区地质图（b）
a.据Zhao et al.（2005）修改；b. 据山西省地质矿产局（1989）修改
Fig. 1. A sketch map showing tectonic divisions of the North China Craton (a); geological map of the Wutaishan-Hengshan region (b)
图 2 刁泉银铜矿区地质略图（a）; 55号线矿体剖面图（b）
a. 据周利霞和唐耀林（1997）修改；b. 据刁泉矿业公司内部资料修改
Fig. 2. Geological map of the Diaoquan Cu-Ag deposit (a); typical cross-section of Line 55 (b)
图 3 岩浆岩与矽卡岩和斑岩矿化的野外接触关系
a. 黑云母石英二长岩与围岩的接触带未发生矽卡岩化；b. 花岗斑岩与奥陶系的接触带发育角岩化和矽卡岩化；c. 矽卡岩型铜银矿产于奥陶系灰岩的层间裂隙；d. 后期辉钼矿-石英脉穿插黑云母石英二长岩与花岗斑岩
Fig. 3. Photographs of the field relationship between intrusion rocks and skarn-porphyry mineralization
图 4 花岗斑岩和矽卡岩中榍石的矿物共生组合、结构和流体包裹体特征
a. 花岗斑岩中钾长石斑晶包裹榍石；b. 花岗斑岩中榍石背散射图像（BSE）显示具有均匀的化学成分特征；c. 矽卡岩中榍石与石榴石‒透辉石共生；d. 湿矽卡岩阶段榍石‒绿泥石‒方解石充填于石榴石矽卡岩；e. 辉铜矿充填于石榴石、榍石，与方解石共生；f. 矽卡岩中榍石发育气液两相流体包裹体；Cal. 方解石；Chc. 辉铜矿；Chl. 绿泥石；Di. 透辉石；Kf. 钾长石；Grt. 石榴石；Mag. 磁铁矿；Tnt. 榍石；Fl. 流体包裹体
Fig. 4. Microphotographs showing the texture, mineral associations, fluid inclusions of titanite from granitic porphyry and skarn
图 5 矽卡岩中两种类型榍石的背散射图（a, c）和锡元素分布（b, d）
a. Type 1榍石BSE图像显示核部（Type 1a）为较暗的榍石，且包裹石榴石、磷灰石等热液矿物，而边部（Type 1b）较为明亮，且具有环带结构；b. Type 1榍石的锡元素分布图；c. Type 2榍石BSE图像显示核部（Type 2a）较为明亮，边部（Type 2b）较暗；d. Type 2榍石中锡元素分布图；Grt. 石榴石；Ap. 磷灰石
Fig. 5. BSE images (a, c) and Sn distribution maps (b, d) of the two type titanite in skarn
图 6 刁泉多金属矿床花岗斑岩和矽卡岩中榍石主量元素相关性
a. TiO2和SnO2+Al2O3+Fe2O3+V2O3相关性图；b. TiO2和CaO相关性图；c. TiO2和Al2O3相关性图；d. TiO2和Fe2O3相关性图；e. TiO2和SnO2相关性图；f. F和Al2O3+Fe2O3+V2O3相关性图
Fig. 6. The correlation of major elements in titanite from the granitic porphyry and skarn in Diaoquan polymetallic deposit
图 7 刁泉多金属矿床中榍石微量元素地球化学特征
a. Th/U和Lu/Hf相关性图；b. Nb/Ta和Y/Ho相关性图；c. LREE/HREE和REE含量相关性图；d. Eu*和Ce*相关性图
Fig. 7. The geochemical characteristics of titanite from the Diaoquan polymetallic deposit
图 8 刁泉多金属矿床中榍石的球粒陨石标准化REE模式
球粒陨石标准化值来自Sun and McDonough（1989）
Fig. 8. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of titanite from the Diaoquan polymetallic deposit
图 9 锆石和榍石U-Pb谐和图
a. 黑云母石英二长岩（18DQ-1）中的锆石U-Pb谐和图和206Pb/238U加权平均年龄图；b. 花岗斑岩（18DQ-3）锆石U-Pb谐和图和206Pb/238U加权平均年龄图；c. 花岗斑岩（18DQ-3）中的榍石Tera-Wasserburg U-Pb谐和图；d. 矽卡岩（18DQ-9）中的榍石Tera-Wasserburg U-Pb谐和图
Fig. 9. U-Pb Concordia plots of the zircon and titanite
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