Geochronology, Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of the Harizha-Nagengkangqieer Granites in the East Kunlun Orogen
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摘要: 东昆仑东西部发育多处大型银矿床，但东昆仑古特提斯构造演化和银矿成矿构造背景争议很大，基于此，对东昆仑哈日扎-那更康切尔银矿区岩心样品花岗岩及花岗斑岩开展年代学与地球化学方面研究.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明，哈日扎花岗岩年龄为255 Ma，哈日扎-那更康切尔花岗斑岩年龄在220 Ma到224 Ma.哈日扎晚二叠世花岗岩整体上体现高硅、富碱、贫钙及贫镁的特征，轻稀土元素富集，重稀土元素及Nb、Ta等高场强元素亏损，具有强烈的负Eu异常，Ga/Al比值和Zr+Nb+Ce+Y含量明显偏高，符合A型花岗岩的特点.由于岩石K2O/Na2O与FeO/MgO比值较高，可能来自地壳钙碱性Ⅰ型花岗岩的部分熔融，形成于晚二叠世弧后伸展体制.晚三叠世花岗斑岩是银成矿期岩石，主量元素与晚二叠世花岗岩相似，体现钙碱性过铝质的特点，但稀土元素与微量元素含量远低于晚二叠世花岗岩.结合前人研究成果，晚三叠世花岗斑岩及成矿可能形成于后碰撞构造背景，花岗斑岩是岩浆强烈结晶分异的产物.Abstract: Several large silver deposits occur in the East Kunlun Orogen but their tectonic setting and related Paleo-Tethyan evolution are highly debated. Geochronological and geochemical works on the granites and porphyritic granites in the Harizha-Nagengkangqieer silver deposits of the East Kunlun Orogen were made in this study. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating shows that the Harizha granites were emplaced at 255 Ma and the porphyritic granites in both areas between 220 Ma and 224 Ma. Late Permian Harizha granites have high SiO2 and K2O+Na2O but low CaO and MgO contents with enriched light rare earth elements, depleted heavy rare earth elements and high field strength elements, negative Eu anomalies, high Ga/Al ratios and Zr+Nb+Ce+Y values, and thus are A-type. These rocks were generated by partial melting of crustal calc-alkaline Ⅰ-type granitoids in a back-arc extensional setting because of their relatively high K2O/Na2O, Ga/Al, FeO/MgO ratios. The Late Triassic calc-alkaline, peraluminous porphyritic granites are related to silver mineralization with similar major elements but low contents of trace elements compared to the Late Permian granites, are thus the result of fractional crystallization in a post-collisional background according to this and numerous previous data.
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Key words:
- East Kunlun /
- Harizha /
- Nagengkangqieer /
- granite /
- geochronology /
- geochemistry
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图 1 东昆仑地区地质简图（据Zhang et al., 2017a），展示主要斑岩铜矿与哈日扎‒那更康切尔研究区（绿色框）
主要斑岩铜矿：1.赛什塘与铜峪沟；2.加当根；3.托可妥；4.清水河东；5.乌兰乌珠尔；6.鸭子沟；7.卡尔却卡.NKF、CKF、SKF为昆北、昆中、昆南断裂
Fig. 1. Simplified geological map of the East Kunlun Orogen showing the major porphyry copper deposits and the location of research area (green rectangle)
图 2 东昆仑哈日扎（a）与那更康切尔（b）矿区地质简图
a.据Fan et al.（2021）；b.据Chen et al.（2020）
Fig. 2. Geological map of the Harizha (a) and Nagengkangqieer areas (b)
图 3 东昆仑哈日扎‒那更康切尔矿区花岗岩（a~b）、花岗斑岩（c~d）显微镜下照片
Qtz.石英；Pl.斜长石；Fsp.长石；Bt.黑云母
Fig. 3. Microphotographs of the granite (a‒b) and porphyritic granites (c‒d) in the Harizha and Nagengkangqieer areas
图 4 东昆仑哈日扎花岗岩（17HRZVIZK1510-N1）锆石CL图及U-Pb定年结果
Fig. 4. Cathodeluminescence images and U-Pb dating results of zircon grains from the granite at Harizha
图 5 东昆仑哈日扎花岗岩（17HRZVIZK1908-N1）锆石CL图及U-Pb定年结果
Fig. 5. Cathodeluminescence images and U-Pb dating results of zircon grains from the granite at Harizha
图 6 东昆仑哈日扎花岗斑岩（17HRZVZK3505-N2）锆石CL图及U-Pb定年结果
Fig. 6. Cathodeluminescence images and U-Pb dating results of zircon grains from the porphyritic granite at Harizha
图 7 哈日扎花岗斑岩（17HRZVZK7902-N1）锆石CL图及U-Pb定年结果
Fig. 7. Cathodeluminescence images and U-Pb dating results of zircon grains from the porphyritic granite at Harizha
图 8 那更康切尔花岗斑岩（17NGKQED372N1）锆石CL图及U-Pb定年结果
Fig. 8. Cathodeluminescence images and U-Pb dating results of zircon grains from the porphyritic granite at Nagengkangqieer
图 9 哈日扎‒那更康切尔矿区样品A/NK-A/CNK判别图解（部分烧失量过大的点已被剔除）
Fig. 9. A/NK-A/CNK diagram for studied samples at Harizha and Nagengkangqieer
图 10 哈日扎‒那更康切尔矿区晚二叠世花岗岩、晚三叠世花岗斑岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分图解（a）及微量元素原始地幔蛛网图（b）
标准化数据来自于Sun and McDonough（1989）
Fig. 10. Chondrite-normalized rare earth element patterns (a) and primitive mantle-normalized trace element spider diagrams (b) for the samples at Harizha and Nagengkangqieer
图 11 哈日扎矿区晚二叠世花岗岩类型判别图（底图据Whalen et al., 1987）
Fig. 11. Classification diagrams for the Late Permian granites from Harizha area (adapted from Whalen et al., 1987)
图 12 哈日扎‒那更康切尔及周缘晚二叠世岩石与晚三叠世斑岩哈克图解
本文仅将同一时代的岩石进行对比分析.数据来自于Zhang et al.（2017a）；Zhao et al.(2019, 2020)
Fig. 12. Hacker diagrams for the Late Permian rocks and the Late Triassic porphyritic rocks in the Harizha-Nagengkangqieer and nearby areas
图 13 哈日扎‒那更康切尔地区及周缘晚三叠世斑岩岩浆结晶分异判别
底图据周红智等（2020）；Allan. 褐帘石；Ap. 磷灰石；Sph. 榍石；Mon. 独居石
Fig. 13. Diagrams showing fractional crystallization for the Late Triassic porphyritic rocks in the Harizha-Nagengkangqieer and nearby areas
图 14 哈日扎‒那更康切尔地区晚三叠世花岗斑岩构造环境判别图（底图据Pearce et al., 1984）
Fig. 14. The tectonic discrimination diagrams of the Late Triassic porphyritic granites from Harizha-Nagengkangqieer area (after Pearce et al., 1984)
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