Late Paleoproterozoic Metamorphic-Anatexis Events and Their Tectonic Implications in Longshoushan Area, Alxa Block
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摘要: 阿拉善地块位于华北克拉通的西南缘，其早前寒武纪地质演化及构造归属存在争议，这严重制约了华北克拉通构造格局和演化的研究.龙首山杂岩为阿拉善地块少有的早前寒武纪变质基底，记录了古元古代多期变质事件，可为解决上述争议提供依据.以龙首山地区中部金川矿区内、龙首山杂岩中的花岗伟晶岩和黝帘斜长角闪岩为研究对象，系统开展岩相学、锆石和全岩的元素地球化学，以及锆石U-Pb年代学的研究.花岗伟晶岩的SiO2介于69.70%~73.08%，属于弱过铝质、钾玄岩的范畴，为混合岩化过程中地壳岩石低程度部分熔融的产物.在花岗伟晶岩中锆石核部获得了1 892±7 Ma(MSWD=0.76)的上交点年龄，代表花岗伟晶岩的形成年龄.黝帘斜长角闪岩的SiO2介于41.51%~48.92%，其原岩为拉斑玄武质的辉绿岩.黝帘斜长角闪岩中的锆石均为变质锆石，所获得的1 830±8 Ma(MSWD=0.61)加权平均年龄代表了一期角闪岩相变质事件的时间.结合前人的研究，龙首山地区在古元古代晚期存在强烈的变质/深熔事件，可能与碰撞造山事件有关.而通过构造热事件的对比，认为阿拉善地块与华北克拉通的孔兹岩带在早前寒武纪具有亲缘关系.Abstract: The Alxa block is located in the southwestern margin of the North China craton. The Early Precambrian tectonic evolution and tectonic affinity of the block remain unknown or controversial, which restricts the study of the tectonic framework and evolution of the North China craton. The Longshoushan complex is one of the few Early Precambrian metamorphic basement rocks in the Alxa block, and records multiple Paleoproterozoic metamorphic events. Hence, which makes it possible to solve the above problems. It presents petrography, whole-rock geochemistry, and mineralogy, mineral geochemistry and chronology of zircon for the granitic pegmatite and zoisite amphibolite in the Longshoushan complex from the Jinchuan mining area in the central part of the Longshoushan area. The granitic pegmatite is characterized by SiO2 contents of 69.70%-73.08%, belongs to weak peraluminous and shoshonite series, and formed from low degree partial melting of crustal rocks during migmatisation. The intersection ages of 1 892±7 Ma (MSWD=0.76) were obtained from the core of zircon in granitic pegmatite, representing the formation age of the granitic pegmatite. The zoisite amphibolite is characterized by SiO2 contents of 41.51%-48.92%, and is the metamorphic product of tholeiitic diabase. Zircons in the zoisite amphibolite are amphibolite facies metamorphic zircons. The weighted average age of 1 830±8 Ma (MSWD=0.61) represents an amphibolite facies metamorphic event in the Longshoushan area. Combined with previous studies, there was a strong metamorphic-anatexis event in the Late Paleoproterozoic in the Longshoushan area, which is most likely related to a collisional orogeny. Through the comparison of tectonic-thermal events, it suggests that the Alxa block and the Khondalite belt of the North China craton have affinity in the Early Precambrian.
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Key words:
- North China craton /
- Alxa block /
- Longshoushan area /
- metamorphism-anatexis event /
- zircon /
- engineering geology
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图 1 华北克拉通构造划分(a.据Wan et al.，2009修改)和金川矿区地质简图(b.据Zeng et al., 2018修改)
Fig. 1. Tectonic subdivision of the North China craton (a. modified from Wan et al., 2009) and geologic map of the Jinchuan mineral area (b. modified from Zeng et al., 2018)
图 2 花岗伟晶岩和黝帘斜长角闪岩的野外及镜下照片
a.花岗伟晶岩呈脉状分布于斜长角闪岩中；b.花岗伟晶岩的岩石特征；c.花岗伟晶岩的镜下特征(正交偏光)；d.黝帘斜长角闪岩呈脉状侵位于大理岩中；e.黝帘斜长角闪岩存在片麻理化；f.黝帘斜长角闪岩具有变余辉绿结构(单偏光)；Kfc.钾长石；Q.石英；Cal.方解石；Pl.斜长石；Am.角闪石；Zo. 黝帘石
Fig. 2. Representative field photographs and microphotographs of the granitic pegmatite and the amphibolite
图 3 SiO2-Na2O+K2O图解(a. 底图据Middlemost，1994)、K2O-SiO2图解(b. 底图据Rickwood，1989)、Nb/Y-Zr/Ti图解(c. 底图据Pearce，1996)和亚碱性玄武岩的SiO2-FeOT /MgO分类图解(d. 底图据Miyashiro，1974)
Fig. 3. SiO2-Na2O+K2O diagram (a. after Middlemost, 1994), K2O-SiO2 diagram (b. after Rickwood, 1989), Nb/Y-Zr/Ti diagram (c. after Pearce, 1996) and SiO2-FeOT /MgO diagram (d. after Miyashiro, 1974)
图 4 花岗伟晶岩和黝帘斜长角闪岩的稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式(a, c)和微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(b, d)(球粒陨石和原始地幔的标准化值，以及OIB、E-MORB和N-MORB的值据Sun and McDonough, 1989)
Fig. 4. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (a and c) and primitive mantle-normalized trace-element patterns (b and d) of the granitic pegmatite and the zoisite amphibolite (chondrite, primitive mantle, OIB, E-MORB and N-MORB values are from Sun and McDonough, 1989)
图 5 花岗伟晶岩(a)和黝帘斜长角闪岩(b)的锆石CL图像
Fig. 5. CL images of zircon from the granitic pegmatite (a) and the zoisite amphibolite (b)
图 6 花岗伟晶岩(a‒b)和黝帘斜长角闪岩(c‒f)的锆石背散射图像及矿物包体
Fig. 6. BES images and inclusions of some zircons from the granitic pegmatite (a‒b) and the zoisite amphibolite (c‒f)
图 7 锆石的稀土元素配分曲线(球粒陨石标准化取自Sun and McDonough, 1989)
Fig. 7. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns for zircons (chondrite values are from Sun and McDonough, 1989)
图 8 锆石的U-Pb年龄谐和图(a‒c)和加权平均207Pb/206Pb年龄图(d)
Fig. 8. Concordia diagrams of the zircon U-Pb dating (a‒c) and weighted mean diagrams of 207Pb/206Pb ages of zircon (d)
图 9 花岗伟晶岩的结晶分异(a，b)和源区性质(c，d)判别图解
a.Nb/Ta⁃TE1，3图解；b.K/Rb⁃TE1，3图解(CHARAC范围来Bau，1996和Ballouard et al.，2016)；c.(Na2O+K2O)/(FeOT+MgO+TiO2)⁃Na2O+K2O+FeOT+MgO+TiO2图解(底图据Douce，1999)；d.molar Al2O3/(MgO+FeOT)⁃molar CaO/(MgO+FeOT)图解(底图据Altherr et al.，2000)
Fig. 9. Crystal fractionation (a, b) and source characteristics (c, d) discrimination diagrams for the granitic pegmatite
图 10 黝帘斜长角闪岩构造环境(a~c)、地壳混染(d，e)、结晶分异(f)和源区性质(g，h)判别图解
a.Ti⁃Zr⁃Y图解(底图据Pearce and Cann, 1973)；b.Ti⁃Sm⁃Y图解(底图据Vermeesch，2006)；c.Ti⁃V图解(底图据Shervais，1982)；d.SiO2⁃Mg#图解；(e.Nb/La⁃Nb/Th图解；f.La/Sm⁃La图解(底图据Treuil and Joron, 1975)；g.Sm/Yb⁃Sm图解(底图据曾认宇等，2022)；h.(Hf/Sm)N⁃(Ta/La)N图解(底图据LaFlèche et al.，1998). LKT.低钾拉斑玄武岩；WPB.板内玄武岩；CAB.钙碱性玄武岩；MORB.洋中脊玄武岩；IAB.岛弧玄武岩；OIB & Alkali-B.洋岛玄武岩和碱性玄武岩；CFB.大陆溢流玄武岩
Fig. 10. Tectonic setting (a‒c), crustal contamination (d‒e), crystal fractionation (f) and source characteristics (g‒h) discrimination diagrams for the amphibolite
图 11 变质锆石频率图
a.西阿拉善地块(数据来源：本文；Zhang et al.，2013；王强，2014；Gong et al.，2016)；b.孔兹岩带变质锆石频率图(数据来源：张成立等，2018及其中参考文献)
Fig. 11. Frequence plots of U-Pb ages for metamorphic zircons
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