Deep Carbonate Geohermal Reservoir Production Enhancement Technology in North China Plain
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摘要: 华北地区地热资源丰富，新发现的蓟县系高于庄组热储层开发利用潜力更大.然而，高于庄组存在裂缝非均质性强、储层产能低等问题.选取华北平原典型高于庄组地热井，进行了酸化压裂和加砂压裂两种改造技术的实验研究和现场增储改造，分析了改造不同阶段的压力监测曲线，进行了改造效果的评估，并初步提出了储层评价-改造设计-效果评价综合技术方法.结果显示，雄安新区高于庄组热储酸化压裂改造后涌水量由4.72 m3/h增加到44.10 m3/h，单位涌水量由0.024 m3/h·m增加到0.745 m3/h·m；沧县隆起高于庄组热储加砂压裂使得单位涌水量由3.009 m3/h·m翻倍式增加至6.158 m3/h·m，单位涌水量增加1倍多，增产改造效果显著.Abstract: North China area is rich in geothermal resources. The newly discovered Gaoyuzhuang geothermal reservoir in the Jixian System has even greater potential for development and utilization. However, there are issues such as high fracture in homogeneity and low productivity in Gaoyuzhuang Formation. Two typical geothermal wells in the Gaoyuzhuang Formation of the North China plain were selected for experimental study and in-situ application of two reconstruction techniques, acid and sand fracturing. The efficiency is evaluated by analyzing the pressure curves at different stages. An integrated technical approach to geothermal reservoir evaluation-plan design-effect evaluation is presented. The water output increased from 4.72 m3/h to 44.10 m3/h after acid fracturing of the Gaoyuzhuang geothermal reservoir in Xiong'an New Area, and the unit water surge increased from 0.024 m3/h·m to 0.745 m3/h·m. The sand fracturing of the Gaoyuzhuang reservoir in the Cangxian uplift has doubled the unit gushing water from 3.009 m3/h·m to 6.158 m3/h·m. Both methods show significant productivity gains.
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图 5 起裂强度占比(a)和损伤强度占比(b)随温度的变化
Fig. 5. Variation of cracking strength as a percentage of temperature (a), variation of damage intensity percentage with temperature (b)
图 7 岩样1水力压裂后岩石破裂
Fig. 7. Rock fracture diagram after hydraulic fracturing of rock sample 1
图 8 岩样2水力压裂后岩石破裂
Fig. 8. Rock fracture diagram after hydraulic fracturing of rock sample 2
图 9 岩样3水力压裂后岩石破裂
Fig. 9. Rock fracture diagram after hydraulic fracturing of rock sample 3
图 10 岩样4水力压裂后岩石破裂
Fig. 10. Rock fracture diagram after hydraulic fracturing of rock sample 4
图 11 岩样5水力压裂后岩石破裂
Fig. 11. Rock fracture diagram after hydraulic fracturing of rock sample 5
图 12 D22井小型试压裂阶段施工曲线
Fig. 12. The construction curve of the mini-test fracturing phase of well D22
图 13 酸压酸蚀裂缝形态模拟结果
Fig. 13. Simulation results of acid-pressure and acid-etching fracture morphology
图 14 GRY1井小型试压裂施工曲线
Fig. 14. The construction curve of the mini-test fracturing phase of well GRY1
表 1 不同浓度酸液岩屑溶蚀实验结果
Table 1. Experimental results of acid rock chip dissolution with different concentrations
岩屑取样深度(m) 酸溶反应温度
(℃)酸溶反应时间
(min)15% HCl
溶蚀率(%)20% HCl
溶蚀率(%)3 158~3 160 60 60 78.1 82.3 3 174~3 176 60 60 87.3 88.5 3 178~3 180 60 60 86.9 87.2 
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表 2 酸蚀裂缝渗流能力测试结果
Table 2. Acid-etching fracture seepage capacity test results
序号 驱替介质 排量(mL/min) 渗透率(mD) 1 标准盐水 0.5 5.5 2 酸液 0.5 5.3 3 标准盐水 0.5 33.4 4 酸液 0.5 35 5 标准盐水 0.5 61.3 6 酸液 0.5 63.1 7 标准盐水 0.5 132.2 8 酸液 0.5 134.2 9 标准盐水 0.5 208 10 酸液 0.5 205.2 11 标准盐水 0.5 127.6
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表 3 酸液体系性能评价结果汇总
Table 3. Acid system performance evaluation results
项目 实验结果 酸液 表观黏度(mPa·s) 39 耐温耐剪切性 剪切速率(s-1) 170 温度(℃) 90 剪切时间(min) 60 表观黏度(mPa·s) 17.62 酸液配伍性 常温2 h 酸液状态稳定，无分层、无絮凝物沉淀 90 ℃，加热2 h 酸液状态稳定，无分层、无絮凝物沉淀 铁离子稳定剂 pH 6 铁离子稳定能力(mg/mL) 682.31 酸化助排剂 表面张力(mN/m) 26.2 腐蚀速率 (g/m²·h) 3.82 酸岩反应动力学方程 J=1.846 6×10-5C 0.363 7
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表 4 常规三轴试验结果
Table 4. Results of conventional triaxial tests
温度(℃) 围压(MPa) 峰值强度(MPa) 峰值应变 弹性模量(MPa) 泊松比 室温 0 198 0.003 76 63 048 0.275 0 40 373 0.007 00 60 793 0.091 0 50 361.9 0.007 00 61 576 0.076 0 60 395 0.007 35 62 594 0.074 0 70 40 404 0.007 17 60 551 0.060 0 50 412.7 0.007 23 64 960 0.074 5 60 465 0.008 37 59 887 0.079 0 110 40 391.8 0.007 35 59 436 0.113 0 50 390.2 0.006 98 62 826 0.090 5 60 434.5 0.007 35 62 405 0.114 5 150 40 400.2 0.007 59 61 223 0.113 0 50 427.1 0.007 66 62 905 0.085 0 60 429.0 0.007 96 59 574 0.055 0
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表 5 剪切强度参数随温度的变化
Table 5. Variation of rock shear strength parameters with temperature
温度(℃) 摩擦角(°) 粘聚力(MPa) 室温 46.14 47.41 70 37.15 68.26 110 31.13 84.27 150 24.74 116.80
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表 6 真三轴水力压裂试验方案
Table 6. True triaxial hydraulic fracturing test scheme
试样编号 应力状态(MPa) 处理方式 裂缝发育 排量
(mL/min)1 σv=60；
σh=38.5；
σH=50正常 较少 1.0 2 正常 较多 1.0 3 正常 较少 1.5 4 酸化处理(5%HCl) 较少 1.0 5 酸化处理(5%HCl) 较多 1.0
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表 7 GRY1井小型压裂测试分析结果
Table 7. GRY1 well mini-fracture test analysis results
分析方法 井下闭合压力
(MPa)闭合压力梯度
(MPa/m)地层闭合时间
(min)瞬时停泵压力
(MPa)液体效率
(%)G函数法 38.51 0.103 4.70 41.7 19.6 双对数法 39.06 0.102 2.84 41.7 13.5 平方根法 38.84 0.102 3.27 41.7 15.2
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表 8 D22井改造后抽水试验数据
Table 8. Data sheet of pumping test after reconstruction of well D22
落程 静止水位埋深
(m)动水位埋深
(m)水位降深
(m)涌水量
(m³/h)单位涌水量
(m³/h·m)水温
(℃)稳定时间
(h)S3 101.43 160.66 59.23 44.10 0.745 66.5 40 S2 101.43 136.54 35.11 33.40 0.951 66.0 21 S1 101.43 114.77 13.34 18.9 1.417 60.5 9
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表 9 GRY1井压裂后抽水试验成果表
Table 9. Data sheet of pumping test after reconstruction of well GRY1
落程 水位降深(m) 涌水量(m³/h) 单位涌水量(m³/h·m) 延续时间(h) 稳定时间(h) S1 25.33 69.379 2.739 72 10 S2 16.42 61.186 3.726 48 10 S3 8.32 51.242 6.159 48 10
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