In-Situ Geochronology and Geochemistry of Pitchblende from Xincun Uranium Deposit in Motianling Area, North Guangxi
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摘要: 为深入探究桂北摩天岭花岗岩体中新村铀矿床的精确成矿时代及矿床成因，利用微区原位分析技术（SEM、EPMA和LA-ICP-MS）对主成矿期（铀-硅化型）沥青铀矿开展了详细的矿相学观察、原位U-Pb定年和化学成分分析.沥青铀矿电子探针化学定年计算得到的年龄值变化范围极大，不能准确地反映矿床的大致形成时间.LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素分析结果表明，新村矿床沥青铀矿含有一定量的普通铅，采用Tera-Wasserburg图解法得到一个下交点年龄为57.61±0.34 Ma（MSWD=0.97），可以代表主成矿期的矿化年龄.新村矿床沥青铀矿具有较高的WO3、CaO和极低的ThO含量，暗示成矿流体可能为富U、W的中低温成因流体；沥青铀矿稀土元素配分模式为轻稀土微富集型，整体上与赋矿花岗岩稀土配分型式相似，指示成矿物质可能来自花岗岩体本身.新获得的铀成矿年龄与桂北地区热液型铀矿的主成矿期（70~50 Ma）基本一致，表明新村矿床同华南地区绝大多数中新生代热液铀矿床一样，都是白垩纪-古近纪岩石圈伸展减薄背景之下的产物.Abstract: To better determine the precise mineralization age and examine the genesis of the Xincun uranium deposit in Motianling granite, North Guangxi, it carried out detailed mineralogical observation, in-situ U-Pb isotope and chemical composition analysis on the pitchblende of U-silicified type mineralization from the Xincun deposit using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe (EPMA) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The chemical age of pitchblende obtained by the electron probe gives a very wide range and thus cannot represent the true formation age of the Xincun uranium mineralization. The results of LA-ICP-MS U-Pb isotope indicate that the pitchblende of the Xincun deposit contains a certain amount of common Pb, and the Tera-Wasserburg diagram yields a lower intercept age of 57.61±0.34 Ma (MSWD=0.97), which can represent the exact timing of Xincun deposit. The major and trace element results show that the pitchblende of the Xincun deposit has high WO3 and CaO contents but extremely low ThO content, indicating that the ore fluid may be enriched in U and W and has medium-low temperature. The chondrite-normalized patterns of rare earth elements in pitchblende are slightly rich in light-REE, and similar to the rare earth partition of the ore-hosting granite. It is thus speculated that the uranium is probably derived from the granitoid itself. The newly obtained mineralization age is consistent with the main metallogenic period (70-50 Ma) of the hydrothermal uranium deposits in northern Guangxi. Similar to most of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic hydrothermal uranium deposits in South China, the Xincun deposit was formed due to the extension and thinning of the Cretaceous-Paleogene lithosphere in South China.
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Key words:
- micro-area analysis /
- U-Pb dating /
- pitchblende /
- Xincun uranium deposit /
- Motianling area /
- Guangxi /
- ore deposit geology
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图 1 桂北摩天岭-元宝山区域地质简图(据宋昊等，2015；徐争启等，2019修改)
1.第四系；2.寒武系；3.震旦系；4.丹洲群；5.四堡群；6.新元古代雪峰期花岗岩；7.新元古代雪峰期花岗混合岩；8.晚中元古代花岗闪长岩；9.中元古代基性-超基性岩；10.新村式铀矿床（点）；11.达亮式铀矿床（点）；12.断裂；13.地层不整合界线；14.中酸性岩脉
Fig. 1. The sketch geological map of Motianling-Yuanbaoshan area in North Guangxi (after Song et al., 2015; Xu et al., 2019)
图 2 新村铀矿床地质简图(a)和4号线勘探剖面图(b)
据广西壮族自治区三O五核地质大队, 1980, 桂北摩天岭花岗岩体铀矿成矿规律与成矿预测. 1.片麻状粗粒变斑状黑云母花岗岩；2.细粒花岗岩脉；3.变质岩残留体；4.硅化带；5.蚀变带；6.矿体；7.断裂；8.地质界线；9.4号勘探线位置
Fig. 2. Sketch geological map (a) and No. 4 exploration drilling section of Xincun deposit
图 3 新村铀矿床新鲜围岩、蚀变岩石和富矿石野外及显微镜下照片
a. 新村矿床钻孔中的新鲜花岗岩（围岩）；b. 矿化围岩中发育强烈的面状钾长石化；c. 强烈蚀变花岗岩，发育钾长石化、黄铁矿化和水云母化；d. 典型的铀-硅化型富矿石，可见清晰的黑色沥青铀矿细脉，伴有强烈的硅化和黄铁矿化；e. 典型的铀-萤石型矿石，萤石-黄铁矿-沥青铀矿脉切穿早期的硅化石英脉；f. 铀硅化型矿石中微晶石英与沥青铀矿密切共生（正交偏光镜下）.Urn. 沥青铀矿；Flu. 萤石；Hem. 赤铁矿；Kf. 钾化长石；Ser. 水云母化；Py. 黄铁矿；Qz. 石英
Fig. 3. Field photographs and microscope photographs of unaltered, altered and mineralized rocks from Xincun uranium deposit
图 4 新村铀矿床铀-硅化型富矿石中沥青铀矿镜下照片及背散射照片
a. 铀-硅化型矿石光薄片，黑色沥青铀矿脉清晰可见；b. 黄铁矿、微晶石英与沥青铀矿共生（反射光镜下）；c. 同心圆状、葡萄状沥青铀矿集合体；d. 沥青铀矿与黄铁矿相互包裹共生.Urn. 沥青铀矿；Coff. 铀石；Py. 黄铁矿；Qz. 石英
Fig. 4. Microscope photographs and backscattered electron images of pitchblende in the high-grade U-silicified type ore samples from Xincun deposit
图 5 新村铀矿床沥青铀矿PbO-UO2(a)、PbO-CaO+SiO2+FeO(b)、UO2-WO3(c)和UO2-CaO(d)相关性图解
Fig. 5. The PbO-UO2 (a), PbO-CaO+SiO2+FeO (b), UO2-WO3 (c) and UO2-CaO (d) diagrams of pitchblende from Xincun uranium deposit
图 6 新村铀矿床沥青铀矿化学年龄频数
Fig. 6. Frequency of chemical age of pitchblende in the Xincun uranium deposit
图 7 典型沥青铀矿颗粒背散射图(a)及化学年龄剖面变化趋势(b)
Fig. 7. The backscattered electron image of one representative pitchblende grain (a) and the variation diagram of chemical ages across the pitchblende grain (b)
图 8 新村铀矿床沥青铀矿U-Pb年龄谐和图解(a)、Tera-Wasserburg图解(b)及207Pb校正后的n(206Pb *)/n(238U)加权平均年龄(c)
Fig. 8. Concordina diagram of U-Pb age (a), Tera-Wasserburg diagram of U-Pb age (b), and 207Pb corrected n(206Pb*)/n(238U) weighted mean age (c) for pitchblende from Xincun uranium deposit
图 9 沥青铀矿的球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分图
标准化值引自Sun and McDonough（1989），其他类型沥青铀矿稀土元素数据来自Mercadier et al.（2011），摩天岭花岗岩稀土数据引自邱检生等（2002）和韩宗珠等（2012）
Fig. 9. Chondrite-normalized REE pattern diagram of the pitchblende from Xincun deposit
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