Geochronology, Geochemistry and Tectonic Implications of Triassic A-Type Granites in Pingtian Area, Northern Guangdong
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摘要: 坪田岩体位于华南南岭中部，是认识华南三叠纪岩浆作用及其地球动力背景的理想窗口.以坪田花岗岩类为研究对象，对其开展了系统的全岩地球化学、锆石U-Pb定年和锆石原位Hf同位素研究.结果表明，坪田岩体由粗粒似斑状黑云母花岗岩、粗粒似斑状钾长花岗岩和中粒二长岩组成，成岩年龄为238~239 Ma，形成于中三叠世.地球化学特征显示，岩石轻稀土元素富集，有明显铕负异常（δEu平均为0.42）.富集Zr、Hf、Y、Ce，明显亏损Sr、P和Ti，属于准铝质到弱过铝质碱性花岗岩类，为A型花岗岩.锆石εHf（t）值为-37.7~-5.0，tDM2二阶段模式年龄为1 578~3 597 Ma之间，结合全岩地球化学特征，揭示其原始岩浆来源于地壳中长英质物质在低温高压环境下部分熔融，可能混入古老地壳物质，并经历了一定的结晶分异作用，形成于后碰撞伸展背景.综合华南A型花岗岩和碱性正长岩的地球化学特征和空间分布，认为华南内部三叠纪区域构造演化主要受华南地块与印支地块碰撞带和华南地块与华北地块碰撞带共同控制，华夏地块在中三叠世（238 Ma左右）发生构造环境的转变，从早三叠世的碰撞挤压环境，到中晚三叠世过渡到后碰撞伸展环境.Abstract: Pingtian pluton is located in the central part of South China, providing an ideal window for understanding the Triassic tectonic-magmatic activities and the geodynamic setting in South China. Systematic whole-rock geochemistry, zircon U-Pb dating and zircon in situ Hf isotope studies were carried out, taking the Pingtian granite group as the object of study. The results show that the Pingtian pluton consists of coarse-grained porphyritic biotite granite, coarse-grained porphyritic potassium feldspar granite and medium-grained monzonite, with diagenetic ages ranging from 238 to 239 Ma, and it was formed in the Middle Triassic. Geochemical characteristics show that the rocks are enriched in light rare earth elements with obvious europium negative anomalies (δEu average=0.42). It is enriched in Zr, Hf, Y and Ce, and significantly depleted in Sr, P and Ti. It belongs to the metaluminous to weakly peraluminous alkaline granite type, and is A-type granite. The zircon εHf(t) values range from -37.7 to -5.0, and the tDM2 two-stage model ages range from 1 578 to 3 597 Ma. Combined with the whole-rock geochemical characteristics, it reveals that the magmas were derived mainly from the partial melting of felsic material in the crust under low-temperature and high-pressure environment, probably mixed with old crustal material, and experienced crystalline differentiation, and was formed in the post-collisional extensional background. Integrating the geochemical characteristics and spatial distribution of A-type granites and alkaline syenite in South China, we propose that the tectonic evolution of the Triassic was mainly controlled by the collisional interaction of the South China block with the Indochina block and the North China block, and that the tectonic setting changed at around 238 Ma, from a collisional extrusion environment in the Early Triassic to a transition to a post-collisional extensional environment in the Middle to Late Triassic.
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Key words:
- A-type granite /
- Middle Triassic /
- post-collision extension /
- Pingtian /
- South China /
- geochemistry
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图 1 华南大地构造位置图（a）、三叠纪花岗岩分布简图（b）和坪田区域地质图（c）
图a据Sun et al.，2017修改；图b底图据孙涛，2006修改. 花岗岩类型及年龄据郭春丽等，2012；Wang et al.，2013；Sun et al.，2017. 补充修改参考：大神山：Xu et al.，2014a；阳明山、塔山：马丽艳等，2016；白马山：王川等，2021；塔山：郭爱民等，2017；瓦屋塘：柏道远等，2016；紫云山：刘凯等，2014；鲁玉龙等，2017；高坳背：王彦斌等，2010；关帝庙：赵增霞等，2015；Zhao et al.，2017；桃江：Xu et al.，2014b；越城岭：Chen et al.，2016；苗儿山：覃洪锋等，2018；栗木：Feng et al.，2019；大容山：王文宝等，2018；Gao et al.，2018；龙源坝、坪田：Sun et al.，2017；富城、翁山、小陶：Xia et al.，2020；蒙山：钟玉芳等，2011
Fig. 1. Geotectonic location map of South China (a), brief distribution map of Triassic granites in South China (b) and Pingtian regional geological map (c)
图 2 坪田地区侵入岩的露头和显微照片
Pl.斜长石；Qz.石英；Ser.绢云母；Chl.绿泥石；Cal.方解石；Bt.黑云母
Fig. 2. Outcrop photos and photomicrographs of the intrusive rocks in the Pingtian area
图 3 坪田地区侵入岩样品的锆石U-Pb谐和图和典型锆石阴极发光图像
白色实线圈和虚线圈分别代表U-Pb定年和Hf同位素分析位置，标注206Pb/238U年龄和εHf（t）值
Fig. 3. Zircon U-Pb concordia and cathodoluminescence (CL) images of representative zircon plots for the intrusive rocks in Pingtian area
图 4 坪田地区侵入岩(a) (K2O+Na2O)-SiO2、(b) A/NK-A/CNK、(c) K2O-SiO2、(d) SiO2-(Na2O+K2O-CaO)图解
图a据Middlemost，1994；图b据Rickwood，1989；图c据Peccerillo and Taylor, 1976；图d据Frost et al.，2001.前人数据：坪田（239 Ma）和龙源坝（230 Ma）据孙立强（2018）和Sun et al.（2017）；大神山（211 Ma）据Xu et al.，2014a；瓦屋塘（215 Ma）据柏道远等，2016；靖居（215 Ma）据李万友等，2012；富城（220 Ma）据任海涛等，2013；紫云山（222 Ma）据刘凯等，2014；铁山（254 Ma）和洋坊（242 Ma）据Wang et al.，2005
Fig. 4. (K2O+Na2O)-SiO2 (a), A/NK-A/CNK (b), K2O-SiO2 (c), SiO2-(Na2O+K2O-CaO) (d) plots of intrusive rocks in Pingtian area
图 5 坪田及华南部分地区侵入岩的稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分图(a、c、e)和微量元素地幔标准化蛛网图(b、d、f)
标准化值据Sun and McDonough, 1989；地壳值据Rudnick and Gao, 2014；前人侵入岩数据同图 4
Fig. 5. Chondirite-normalized REE patterns (a, c, e) and primitive mantle-normalized trace element spider diagrams (b, d, f) of the intrusive rocks in Pingtian and parts of South China
图 6 坪田侵入岩锆石的εHf(t)与U-Pb年龄图解
Fig. 6. εHf(t) versus U-Pb age diagram of the Pingtian intrusive rocks
图 7 坪田侵入岩(a) 10 000Ga/Al vs. (K2O+Na2O)、(b) 10 000Ga/Al vs. Zr、(c) (Zr+Nb+Ce+Y) vs. (Na2O+K2O)/CaO、(d) SiO2 vs. P2O5图解(a、b、c据Whalen et al., 1987)（图例下同）
Fig. 7. 10 000Ga/Al vs. (K2O+Na2O) (a), 10 000Ga/Al vs. Zr (b), (Zr+Nb+Ce+Y) vs. (Na2O+K2O)/CaO (c), SiO2 vs. P2O5 (d) diagrams of the Pingtian intrusive rocks
图 9 坪田侵入岩Zr vs. M图解
底图据Boehnke et al.，2013，M=（Na+K+2Ca）/（Al×Si）；LFB A型花岗岩范围据Gao et al.，2017修改
Fig. 9. Plot of the Zr contents vs. M values for the Pingtian intrusive rocks
图 10 华南花岗岩类年龄统计图(a)及三叠纪花岗岩年龄直方图(b)
据Wang et al.（2013）和Sun et al.（2017）及补充数据修改，补充数据来源同图 1
Fig. 10. Statistical curve of ages (a) and histogram of Triassic ages (b) for granitoids in South China
图 11 坪田侵入岩(a) Y/Nb vs. Rb/Nb和(b) R1 vs. R2图解
图a据Eby（1992）和Sun et al.（2017）；图b据Batchelor and Bowden, 1985
Fig. 11. Y/Nb vs. Rb/Nb (a) and R1 vs. R2 (b) diagrams of the Pingtian intrusive rocks
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