Rhythmicity and Geological Significance of Positive Anomalous Natural Gamma Layers in Late Permian Coal-Bearing Series in West Guizhou
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摘要: 黔西上二叠统发育的自然伽马（GR）高异常岩层的成分变化和韵律性分布的原因尚不清楚.分析了自然伽马高异常层的岩石学特征、地球化学特征及自然伽马高异常层的周期性.Al2O3/TiO2、REE配分模式、REE-La/Yb、La/Sc-Co/Th、Zr/TiO2-Al2O3/TiO2及Nb/Ta-Zr/Hf图解表明GR高异常岩层的物质来源包括峨眉山玄武岩、峨眉山大火成岩省衰退期火山灰及华南火山灰.自然伽马高异常层形成于相对炎热、海平面相对较低时期，并具有长偏心率和短偏心率周期.炎热的气候变化引起了海平面快速上升和冰体积的快速下降，区域上应力状态快速变化触发火山活动形成具有周期性的GR高异常层.精准识别自然伽马高异常层可用来对比划分区域地层格架，且可以分析峨眉山大火成岩省晚期的岩浆演化及关键金属富集.Abstract: The compositional variations and rhythmicity of the positive anomalous natural gamma (GR) layers developed in the Upper Permian of West Guizhou are not clear. In this paper, it analyzed the lithological characteristics, geochemical characteristics and periodicity of positive anomalous GR layers. Al2O3/TiO2, REE patterns, REE-La/Yb, La/Sc-Co/Th, Zr/TiO2-Al2O3/TiO2 and Nb/Ta-Zr/Hf diagrams indicate that the sources of highly radioactive layers include Emeishan basalt, volcanic ash originates from the Emeishan large igneous province during its waning phase and South China volcanic ash. The positive anomalous GR layers were formed during a period of relatively hot and low sea level, with long and short eccentricity cycles. The hot climate change caused rapid sea level rise and ice volume drop, and the rapid change of stress state on the region triggered volcanic activity to form periodic positive anomalous GR formations. Precise identification of positive anomalous GR layers can be used to compare and delineate the regional stratigraphic framework, and to analyze the magmatic evolution and critical element enrichment of the late Emeishan large igneous province.
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Key words:
- West Guizhou /
- Late Permian /
- provenance /
- volcanic activity /
- periodicity /
- geochemistry
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图 1 滇东-黔西晚二叠世同沉积构造及沉积环境(a)；华南板块构造特征和研究区位置(b)
图a改自Wang et al.（2020）；图b改自张国伟等（2013）
Fig. 1. Late Permian synsedimentary tectonics and sedimentary environment in East Yunnan and West Guizhou (a); tectonic characteristics of South China plate and location of the study area (b)
图 2 岩心柱状图及采样位置
红色标注为Ⅰ类样品，绿色标注为Ⅱ类样品，黑色为Ⅲ类样品
Fig. 2. Core histograms and sampling locations
图 3 样品岩石学特征
a. 深灰色泥岩，断口处白色高岭石，8-16；b. 灰棕色泥岩，8-52；c. 灰色含火山灰灰岩，8-86；d. 黄色磁绿泥石及分布在边缘的伊利石，J-5；e. d的正交偏光；f. 碎屑、凝胶状及蠕虫状高岭石，J-6；g. 颗粒状高岭石及发育的伊利石，有机质含量高；h. 颗粒及凝胶状硬水铝石，见发育的黄铁矿及白色伊利石颗粒，J-11；i. 碎屑状伊蒙混层及蚀变的颗粒矿物，见少量石英，J-39
Fig. 3. Petrological characteristics
图 4 样品岩石学特征
a.棕色伊蒙混层及菱铁矿，含有机质及铁较高呈棕色，8-17；b.层状分布及具有颗粒形态和片状的伊蒙混层，8-52；c.蠕虫状高岭石，8-86；d.层状分布及少量呈颗粒特征的伊蒙混层，见锆石碎屑，Z-7；e. 伊蒙混层，Z-25；f. 颗粒状及蠕虫状绿泥石，8-50；g. 混合黏土矿物的凝胶状菱铁矿，见颗粒状方解石及生物化石，8-85；h. 颗粒状及蠕虫状绿泥石，部分具有片状特征，见方解石和风化的玄武岩岩屑，8-66；i. 粉晶菱铁矿及石英颗粒，较多风化转变成菱铁矿的玄武岩岩屑，J-51
Fig. 4. Petrological characteristics
图 5 上地壳标准化后的主量元素及微量元素蛛网图(a~b)及稀土元素配分曲线(c)
稀土元素数据来自Xu et al.（2004）；Xiao et al.（2004）；He et al.（2010）；Wang et al.（2015）；Liao et al.（2016）
Fig. 5. UC normalized major (a) and trace (b) element spider diagrams and REE distribution pattern of samples (c)
图 6 SiO2/Al2O3-Al2O3/TiO2图解(a); Th-U图解(b); Th-δEu图解(c); Th/Al2O3-Zr/Al2O3图解(d)
图d是Ⅰ类样品除去J-38，J-39，8-52，8-86异常值的相关性
Fig. 6. SiO2/Al2O3-Al2O3/TiO2 diagram (a); Th-U diagram (b); Th-δEu diagram (c); Th/Al2O3-Zr/Al2O3 diagram (d)
图 7 J9、Z5及J8井地层对比及Th、Sr/Ba、Rb/Sr及Ga/Rb的垂向演化规律
J9井及Z5井层序划分引自赵勇（2021）
Fig. 7. Stratigraphic sequence comparison and vertical evolution patterns of Th, Sr/Ba, Rb/Sr and Ga/Rb in drilling J9, Z5 and J8
图 8 GR高异常岩层的MTM功率谱和周期图(a~c)；快速傅里叶变换的动态滤波图(d~f)
a. J9井；b. J8井；c. Z5井；d. J9井；e. J8井；f. Z5井
Fig. 8. MTM power spectrum and periodogram (a-c) of GR high anomalous layers and dynamic filtering of fast Fourier transform (d-f)
图 10 Al2O3/TiO2-Zr/TiO2及Nb/Ta-Zr/Hf图解及可能的物源
数据来自Xu et al.（2004）；Xiao et al.（2004）；He et al.（2010）；Wang et al.（2015）；Liao et al.（2016）
Fig. 10. The Al2O3/TiO2-Zr/TiO2 and Nb/Ta-Zr/Hf diagrams for studied samples and probable sources
表 1 样品XRD分析结果(%，空白表明矿物不存在或含量低于检测限)
Table 1. XRD analysis results (%, blanks signify the absence of the mineral or its content being below the detection limit)
样品 类型 石英 钾长石 斜长石 锐钛矿 硬水铝石 勃姆石 金红石 菱锰矿 方解石 铁白云石 菱铁矿 黄铁矿 针铁矿 方沸石 I/S 高岭石 绿泥石 蒙脱石 伊利石 8-14 Ⅲ 5.8 0.8 11.5 1.4 70 10.5 8-15 Ⅱ 15.2 1.5 2.6 5.2 2.5 28.2 5.3 13.8 21.7 0 4 8-16 Ⅰ 11.6 13.5 3 56.2 15 0.7 8-17 Ⅰ 24.4 1.1 3 8.6 8.7 12.5 23.8 11.9 6 8-45 Ⅰ 14.9 1.4 9.4 7.1 4.6 2.6 2.4 6.4 27.2 21.4 2.9 8-51 Ⅱ 23.1 1.5 8.5 12.7 34.8 14 5.4 8-86 Ⅰ 1.4 0.6 64.3 1.1 0.6 21.8 6.4 2.6 1.3 8-87 Ⅱ 51.5 5.5 9.3 0.3 4.2 8.8 2.6 15.5 2.3 J-4 Ⅲ 6.4 1.1 53.3 31.6 7.4 J-5 Ⅰ 3.3 1.3 1 71.9 22.6 J-6 Ⅰ 2.1 82.1 15.8 J-7 Ⅲ 5.5 67.6 26.9 J-8 Ⅰ 12 1.1 62.7 24.2 J-9 Ⅰ 3.6 12.4 1.7 1 5.5 12.8 63 J-10 Ⅰ 9.3 5.4 47.2 1.4 12.3 12.1 11.3 J-11 Ⅰ 9.1 38.5 2 1.7 5.9 4.3 15.7 22.8 J-12 Ⅰ 1.8 13 22 48.9 14.3 J-13 Ⅱ 18.8 2.7 32.6 23.5 21.8 0.6 J-27 Ⅱ 36.5 2.5 10.3 2.5 28.1 8.8 11.3 J-28 Ⅲ 35.5 3.6 6.1 40.1 2.5 12.3 J-34 Ⅱ 26.7 9 4.4 5.8 2.3 26.6 15.8 9.4 J-35 Ⅲ 22.9 2.8 3.5 5.9 5.8 45.4 8.2 5.5 J-38 Ⅰ 52.7 2.9 43.2 0.1 1.2 J-39 Ⅰ 50.5 8.6 35.8 0.3 4.8 J-48 Ⅲ 18.2 2.6 73.5 3 2 0.7 J-50 Ⅲ 31.4 28.6 6.3 16.9 14.8 1.5 0.5 J-51 Ⅲ 29.9 3.2 1.7 11.1 10.7 26.2 12.2 2 3 J-53 Ⅱ 4.5 1.5 4.8 76.9 6.7 5.5 注：样品J-4到J-12引自Yang et al.(2021). 
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