Zhongnan-Liyue Fault Zone Developed at Continental Margins of the South China Sea and Tectonic Movements
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摘要: 南海南、北陆缘是否发育与目前中央海盆中存在的中南-礼乐断裂有关的S-N向走滑断裂带，一直是从事南海构造演化研究者关注的焦点之一，皆因资料缺乏等原因而没有定论.通过分析南海陆缘残余中生界的分布特征与精细解释最新地质-地球物理资料破解这一难题.南海陆缘发育S-N向延伸的中南-礼乐断裂带，构造属性为大型走滑断裂，初始活动时间始于中生代.新生代南海发生海底扩张之前，发育在南、北陆缘的中南-礼乐断裂带基本相连，长约700 km.该断裂带在不同时期具有不同的构造活动特征.中生代为左旋走滑构造活动，古近纪早、中期具有走滑拉张的活动特征，晚古近纪与早新近纪以走滑活动为主，新近纪中、晚期为走滑挤压活动特征.Abstract: Whether a strike-slip fault zone of S-N trend developed in the centre South China Sea (SCS) has been focused by geologists who study tectonic evolution, but no any conclusion due to lack of data.The difficult issue has been resolved in this paper by studying the distribution of residual Mesozoic strata and interpreting new geological and geophysics data in the SCS. Zhongnan-Liyue (ZL) fault zone, a strike-slip fault zone with S-N trend, developed at both southern and northern continental margins and the initial time of its activity was at least in Mesozoic.Before sea-floor spreading of the SCS, this strike-slip fault zone attains about 700 km at southern and northern continental margins. In different geological times this fault zone was of different characteristics of tectonic movement, that was strike slip of left-rotation in Mesozoic, strike slip and extension in Early-Middle Paleogene, in order to strike slip in Late Paleogene and Early Neogene, last one strike slip accompanying pressure function in Middle-Late Neogene.
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图 1 根据残余中生界分布所推测的南海陆缘中南-礼乐断裂带分布
Fig. 1. Location of Zhongnan-Liyue (ZL) fault zone revealed by distribution of residual Mesozoic strata at continental margin of the SCS
图 2 北部陆缘地貌特征与测线位置(a); 南部陆缘地貌特征与测线位置(b); 南海陆缘地层系统与年代以及对应的地震反射界面(c)
Fig. 2. Topography and morphology of northern continental margin of the SCS and locations of lines (a); topography and morphology of southern continental margin of the SCS and location of line (b); stratigraphy system and geological ages with corresponding seismic reflectors, continental margins of SCS (c)
图 3 南海北部陆缘空间重力异常特征与推测的中南-礼乐断裂带轨迹(a)；南海北部陆缘磁异常场(ΔT)特征与推测的中南-礼乐断裂带轨迹(b)
空间重力异常和磁异常背景据中国地质调查局广州海洋地质调查局（2015）南海地质地球物理图系（1∶200万）
Fig. 3. Feature of free-air gravity anomaly and speculate location of ZL fault zone at northern continental margin of SCS (a); feature of magnetic anomaly and speculate location of ZL fault zone at northern continental margin of SCS (b)
图 4 南海南部陆缘空间重力异常场与中南-礼乐断裂推测轨迹(a); 南海南部陆缘磁异常场(ΔT)与中南-礼乐断裂带推测轨迹(b)
空间重力异常背景和磁异常背景据中国地质调查局广州海洋地质调查局（2015）南海地质地球物理图系（1∶200万）
Fig. 4. Free-air gravity anomaly and speculate location of ZL fault zone at southern continental margin of SCS (a); magnetic anomaly and location of ZL fault zone at southern continental margin of SCS (b)
图 7 ZtL160剖面示位于南海北部陆坡坡脚处的中南-礼乐断裂带(测线位置2)
Fig. 7. Characteristics of Zhongnan-Liyue fault zone at slope foot of northern SCS on the seismic profile ZtL160 (location of the line in Fig.2a)
图 9 OBS 4号台站示与大型断裂有关的异常震相(a); OBS1号台站~15号台站射线路径图(b)
箭头所指是与断裂有关的射线路径
Fig. 9. Abnormal seismic facies related to major fault on OBS No. 3 (a); Ray-paths OBS No.1—OBS No.15 (b)
图 10 LF-1测线示珠江口盆地中生界反射(a)；CFC测线示台西南盆地中生界反射(b)
Fig. 10. Reflectors of Mesozoic stratigraphy in Pearl River Mouth Basin on line LF-1(a); reflectors of Mesozoic stratigraphy in Taixinan Basin on line CFC(b)
图 11 花岗质糜棱岩中钾长石旋转斑(a)；花岗岩中的“S-C”组构(b)
露头经纬度：a. 118°31′E，24°46′N；b. 118°41′E，24°40′N
Fig. 11. Rotating maculosus of potassium feldspar in granite mylonite (a); fabric "S-C" in granite rock(b)
图 12 南海东部陆缘左行走滑运动形成雁列式构造示意图
Fig. 12. Sketch of strike-slip movement in evolution and goose echelon structure at the eastern continental margin of the SCS
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