Genesis of Paleozoic Two-Stage Magmatism of Wulagai Pluton in Central Inner Mongolia: Response to Tectonic Switch from Advancing to Retreating Subduction of Paleo-Asian Ocean Plate
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摘要: 俯冲带是壳幔物质相互作用的重要场所，并伴随着不同时期和性质的岩浆活动.理解不同俯冲过程（例如前进式俯冲和后撤式俯冲）中的岩浆作用特征对深入认识造山带演化历史具有重要意义.对内蒙古中部东乌旗地区乌拉盖复式岩体内古生代侵入岩开展了锆石U-Pb年代学、全岩主-微量元素地球化学、全岩Sr-Nd同位素和锆石Hf同位素特征研究.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示，岩体内辉长闪长岩形成时代为早奥陶世（~480 Ma）；花岗质岩石年龄为348~344 Ma，为早石炭世岩浆活动的产物.早奥陶世辉长闪长岩（SiO2=51.27%~53.39%）相对富集轻稀土元素和Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素，亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素，具有正的全岩εNd（t）值（+3.3~+3.5）和锆石εHf（t）值（+7.3~+13.3）的特征，指示岩浆来源于受到俯冲板片流体交代的亏损岩石圈地幔部分熔融.早石炭世花岗质岩石根据地球化学性质可进一步分为两组.第1组主要为正长花岗岩，具有高的SiO2含量（76.19%~77.52%），高稀土总量，强Eu负异常，高10 000 Ga/Al值（3.90~5.95）和锆饱和温度（平均965℃）的特征，显示出A型花岗岩的特征；第2组主要为花岗斑岩和黑云母二长花岗岩，发育少量角闪石，其SiO2含量相对第1组偏低（70.67%~76.42%），且与P2O5呈负相关关系，铝饱和指数为0.97~1.1，显示出Ⅰ型花岗岩的特征.早石炭世两组花岗质岩石具有相似的Nd-Hf同位素特征（第1组εNd（t）=+5.8~+6.3，εHf（t）=+11.8~+15.5；第2组εNd（t）=+4.9~+5.1，εHf（t）= +11.6~+15.4），表明其岩浆可能源自于相似的新生地壳的部分熔融，但是经历了不同的岩浆演化过程.结合区域岩浆性质和演化特征，认为早古生代期间内蒙古中部地区为古亚洲洋板块的前进式俯冲，其至少在晚寒武世已俯冲至南蒙古地块南缘，如发育乌拉盖复式岩体内辉长闪长质弧岩浆岩；该前进式俯冲过程造成一系列弧地体拼贴到南蒙古地块南缘，晚志留世与南蒙古地块发生弧-陆碰撞.在晚泥盆世-早石炭世随着古亚洲洋板片回撤诱发弧后伸展，导致贺根山洋打开并形成了研究区内早石炭世早期的Ⅰ型和A型花岗质岩石.Abstract: Subduction zone is an important place for the interaction between crust and mantle, and is accompanied by magmatism of different periods and nature.Understanding the characteristics of magmatism in different subduction processes (e.g., advancing subduction and retreating subduction) is of significance for an in-depth understanding of the evolution history of orogenic belts. In this paper, it presents zircon U-Pb ages, whole-rock major- and trace element data, whole-rock Sr-Nd isotope and zircon Hf isotope for Paleozoic intrusions of the Wulagai pluton from East Ujimqin of central Inner Mongolia. Zircon LA-ICP-MS dating for gabbro-diorite yields a weighted mean age of ~480 Ma, suggesting the crystallization age is Early Ordovician; the age of granitoids is 348-344 Ma, representing the products of magmatic activities during Early Carboniferous. Early Ordovician gabbro-diorites(SiO2=51.27%-53.39%) are relatively enriched in light rare earth elements and large ion lithophile elements (e.g., Rb, Th and U), and depleted in high field strength elements (e.g., Nb and Ta), with positive whole-rock εNd(t) values (+3.3 to +3.5) and zircon εHf(t) values (+7.3 to +13.3). The gabbro-diorites were originated from partial melting of a depleted lithospheric mantle that was metasomatized by slab-derived fluids. The Early Carboniferous granitoids can be divided into two groups according to their geochemical compositions.The first group is mainly syenogranite with high SiO2 content (76.19%-77.52%), high total rare earths content, strong Eu negative anomalies, high 10 000 Ga/Al values (3.90-5.95) and zircon saturation temperature (average 965 ℃), displaying typical A-type granite affinity.The second group is mainly granite porphyry and biotite monzogranite with SiO2 content (70.67%-76.42%) lower than the first group.They showing metaluminous to weakly peraluminous characteristics, combined with negative correlation between SiO2 and P2O5, and hornblende can be observed, displaying Ⅰ-type granite affinity.In terms of Nd-Hf isotopic compositions, these two groups of Early Carboniferous granitoids have similar isotopic compositions (first group: εNd(t) = +5.8 to +6.3, εHf(t) = +11.8 to +15.5;second group: εNd(t) = +4.9 to +5.1, εHf(t) = +11.6 to +15.4), indicating that they have similar magmatic source and both derived from partial melting of the juvenile crust, but underwent different evolution processes.Combined with regional magmatism, it proposes an advancing subduction of Paleo-Asian Ocean plate occurred during Early Paleozoic in central Inner Mongolia.Paleo-Asian Ocean plate subducted beneath the South Mongolian microcontinent before Late Cambrian and lead to the formation of gabbro-diorites reported in this study. The advancing subduction caused a series of arc accreted to the southern margin of the South Mongolian microcontinent.Then an arc-continent collision occurred during Late Silurian.The Early Carboniferous A-type and Ⅰ-type granitoids were formed in a back-arc extensional environment which was resulted from the roll back of Paleo-Asian Ocean plate during Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous.
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Key words:
- central asian orogenic belt /
- east Ujimqin /
- Early Paleozoic /
- Early Carboniferous /
- magmatism /
- roll back /
- petrology
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图 1 中亚造山带简图(a)；中亚造山带东段构造简图(b)；内蒙古中部地区构造单元图(c)
EB.额尔古纳地块；XAT.兴安增生地体；SAT.松辽增生地体；JB.佳木斯地块；KB.兴凯地块；NAT.那丹哈达增生地体；XXS.新林-喜贵图缝合带；HHS.贺根山-黑河缝合带；MMS.牡丹江-依兰缝合带；SXCYS.索伦-西拉木伦-长春-延吉缝合带.图a据Şengör et al.（1993）修改；图b据Liu et al.（2021）修改；图c据Xiao et al.（2003）和Song et al.（2015）修改
Fig. 1. Simplified geological sketch map of the central asian orogenic belt (a); simplified tectonic map of eastern central asian orogenic belt (b); simplified map of central Inner Mongolia showing the main tectonic subdivisions (c)
图 2 乌拉盖复式岩体及周围地区地质图
据内蒙古自治区地质局（1978）1∶20万额仁高壁公社幅地质图和内蒙古自治区地质局（1977）1∶20万乌拉盖幅地质图修改. 年龄数据引自：李红英等（2016）；杨泽黎等（2018）；Hu et al.（2020）；杨泽黎等（2020）；那福超等（2022）；胡飞等（2023）
Fig. 2. Geological sketch map of the Wulagai pluton and surrounding area
图 3 乌拉盖复式岩体古生代侵入岩显微照片
a.辉长闪长岩；b.正长花岗岩；c.花岗斑岩；d.黑云母二长花岗岩. Af.碱性长石；Bt.黑云母；Cpx.单斜辉石；Hb.角闪石；Pl.斜长石；Q.石英
Fig. 3. Photomicrographs for Paleozoic intrusions of the Wulagai pluton
图 4 乌拉盖复式岩体古生代侵入岩锆石阴极发光图像和U-Pb年龄谐和图
红圈为U-Pb同位素分析点位，黄圈为Hf同位素分析点位
Fig. 4. Representative cathodoluminescence (CL) images of the dated zircons and zircon U-Pb concordia diagrams for Paleozoic intrusions of the Wulagai pluton
图 5 乌拉盖复式岩体古生代侵入岩主量元素特征
a.（Na2O+K2O）-SiO2图解；b. A/NK-A/CNK图解；c. K2O-SiO2图解；d.（FeOT/（FeOT+MgO））-SiO2图解. 兴安增生地体早石炭世花岗质岩石数据来自： Zhang et al.（2018）； Zhou et al.（2018b）； Ma et al.（2019）；Li et al.（2020）
Fig. 5. Major element diagrams for Paleozoic intrusions of the Wulagai pluton
图 6 乌拉盖复式岩体古生代侵入岩球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分图(a, c, e)和原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图(b, d, f)
标准化值据Sun and McDonough（1989）. 兴安增生地体早石炭世花岗质岩石数据来自：Zhang et al.（2018）； Zhou et al.（2018b）；Ma et al.（2019）；Li et al.（2020）
Fig. 6. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (a, c, e) and primitive mantle-normalized trace element spider diagrams (b, d, f) for Paleozoic intrusions of the Wulagai pluton
图 7 乌拉盖复式岩体古生代侵入岩全岩εNd(t)-年龄图解(a)和锆石εHf(t)-年龄图解(b)
内蒙古中部古生代中酸性岩浆岩数据来引自：Chen et al.（2016）；Shi et al.（2016）；杨泽黎等（2017）；唐建洲等（2018）；Zhou et al.（2018b）；李梦瞳等（2020）；Yuan et al.（2022）
Fig. 7. Whole-rock εNd(t) vs. age diagram (a) and zircon εHf(t) vs. age diagram (b) for Paleozoic intrusions of the Wulagai pluton
图 8 区域内古生代岩浆岩年龄直方图
年龄数据来源见附表5
Fig. 8. Age histograms of Paleozoic magmatic rocks in the region
图 9 兴安增生地体及邻近地区古生代岩浆岩分布
Fig. 9. Paleozoic magmatic rock distribution map in Xing'an accretionary terrane and adjacent areas
图 10 Rb/Y-Nb/Y图解(a)；Nb/Zr-Th/Zr图解(b)；Sm/Yb-Sm图解(c)；Sm/Yb-La/Sm图解(d)；Th/Yb-Nb/Yb图解(e)；Hf-Th-Ta图解(f)
图c和图d中的数字为熔融程度；图f中，A.N-MORB；B.E-MORB和板内拉斑玄武岩；C.板内碱性玄武岩；D.弧玄武岩. 图a据Kepezhinskas et al.（1997）；图b据Kepezhinskas et al.（1997）；图c和图d据Aldanmaz et al.（2000）；图e据Pearce（2014）
Fig. 10. Rb/Y vs. Nb/Y diagram (a); Nb/Zr vs. Th/Zr diagram (b); Sm/Yb vs. Sm diagram (c); Sm/Yb vs. La/Sm diagram(d); Th/Yb vs. Nb/Yb diagram (e); Hf vs. Th vs. Ta diagram (f)
图 11 乌拉盖复式岩体古生代侵入岩哈克图解
Fig. 11. Haker diagrams for Paleozoic intrusions of the Wulagai pluton
图 12 乌拉盖复式岩体花岗质岩石类型判别图解
图a~d据Whalen et al.（1987）；图e~f据Eby（1992）
Fig. 12. Rock type discrimination diagrams for granitoids of the Wulagai pluton
图 13 内蒙古中部地区古生代构造演化简图
据Xiao et al.(2015)和Yuan et al.(2022)修改
Fig. 13. Sketch map of geodynamic evolution during Paleozoic in central Inner Mongolia
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