Macroscopic Carbonaceous Compression Fossils from Late Ediacaran Miaohe Member at the Lianhua Section in Shennongjia Area
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摘要: 埃迪卡拉纪庙河生物群是“雪球地球”崩解后至寒武纪生命大爆发前夕复杂多细胞真核生命演化和辐射的重要实证之一.近年来人们在鄂西地区埃迪卡拉系报道了多个庙河生物群产地，并对其赋存层位（庙河段）的地层对比提出了不同认识.为更好地揭示庙河生物群在不同地区/相区的化石组合面貌，本文在神农架东部地区莲花剖面庙河生物群新化石产地进行了系统古生物学工作.共鉴定宏体化石11属12种，含有以往报道的庙河生物群的典型分子，其优势分子为Cucullus fraudulentus、Baculiphyca taeniata和Grypania spiralis.该宏体化石组合的发现，不仅扩大了庙河生物群的古地理分布范围，也为在不同沉积环境中认识埃迪卡拉纪宏体生物演化提供重要支撑.Abstract: The Ediacaran Miaohe biota is one of the key windows on the evolution and radiation of complex multicellular eukaryotes between the Snowball Earth and the Cambrian Explosion. Recently, several localities of the Miaohe biota have been reported in western Hubei Province, sparking different opinions on its stratigraphic position. In order to better reveal characteristics of the Miaohe biota in different regions/facies, we conducted systematic paleontological analysis on a newly discovered fossil site of the Miaohe biota at the Lianhua section in eastern Shennongjia area. A total of 11 genera and 12 species of macrofossils were identified, including typical fossils previously described in the Miaohe biota, with dominant species being Cucullus fraudulentus, Baculiphyca taeniata and Grypania spiralis. The discovery of the new macrofossil assemblage not only expands the paleogeographic distribution of the Miaohe biota, but also provides significant insights into the evolution of Ediacaran macrofossils in different environments.
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图 1 神农架‒黄陵地区地质简图及剖面位置
Fig. 1. The simplified geologic map of the Shennongjia-Huangling Anticline and location of study section
图 2 神农架东部地区莲花剖面柱状图和野外照片
a. 陡山沱组第三段厚层状白云岩；b. 陡山沱组第四段黑色页岩，含“锅底状”碳酸盐岩结核；c. 蛤蟆井段灰白色厚层状白云岩；d. 庙河段下部含宏体化石黑色页岩；e. 石板滩段深灰色薄层状沥青质灰岩；f. 莲花剖面陡山沱组上部‒灯影组下部地层远观图；柱状图右侧序号与右侧照片对应；上述照片中扁头地质锤长度为28 cm，尖头地质锤长度为32 cm
Fig. 2. Stratigraphic column and field photos of the Lianhua section in eastern Shennongjia area
图 3 莲花剖面庙河段宏体化石垂向分布
Fig. 3. Stratigraphic distribution of macrofossils from Miaohe Member at the Lianhua section
图 4 莲花剖面埃迪卡拉纪庙河段宏体化石组合
Fig. 4. The macrofossil assemblage from the Ediacaran Miaohe Member at the Lianhua section
a、b. Cucullus fraudulentus; c、d. Baculiphyca taeniata; e. Grypania spiralis; f、g. Jiuqunaoella simplicis; h、i. Liulingjitaenia alloplecta; j. Sinocylindra yunnanensis; k、l. Sinospongia chenjunyuani; m. Sinospongia typica; n. Protoconites minor; o. Konglingiphyton erecta; p、q. Chuaria circularis; r. Doushantuophyton lineare
图 5 莲花剖面中各化石属种相对含量
Fig. 5. Relative abundance of fossil species at the Lianhua section
图 6 莲花化石组合与瓮会、武陵山、三里荒、芝麻坪、麻溪，以及庙河村化石组合/群比较
瓮会数据来自唐烽等（2008）、王约等（2007）、王约（2009）、王野（2020）；庙河村数据来自Xiao et al.（2002）；麻溪、芝麻坪和三里荒数据来自Ye et al.（2019）；武陵山数据来自陈孝红和汪啸风（2002）
Fig. 6. Comparison of fossil assemblages in the Lianhua section with those in Wenghui, Wulingshan, Sanlihuang, Zhimaping, Maxi and Miaohecun sections
图 7 莲花剖面庙河段化石组合与瓮会、武陵山、三里荒、芝麻坪、麻溪, 以及庙河村化石组合相似度分析
a. 基于Jaccard相似度系数对上述化石组合的聚类分析；b. 与a相对应的各化石组合中不同属的占比及优势属.瓮会数据来自唐烽等（2008）、王约等（2007）、王约（2009）、王野（2020）；芝麻坪、麻溪和三里荒数据来自Ye et al.（2019）；莲花数据来自本文；庙河村数据来自Xiao et al.（2002）；武陵山数据来自陈孝红和汪啸风（2002）
Fig. 7. Analysis of similarity between the fossil assemblages in the Lianhua section and those in Wenghui, Wulingshan, Sanlihuang, Zhimaping Maxi and Miaohecun sections
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