Shale Oil Mobility Based on Microscopic Wetting Properties of Mineral Components
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摘要: 页岩油作为重要的非常规能源，其高效开发对保障能源安全具有重要意义.页岩储层呈现低孔低渗、孔隙结构复杂且矿物组成多样的特点，导致润湿性特征极为复杂，而润湿性作为控制油相赋存和流动的关键参数，直接影响页岩油的开发效果.传统润湿性研究主要依赖宏观接触角测量，难以准确揭示纳米级孔隙中的润湿行为及其对油相可动性的控制机理.研究旨在建立页岩储层多尺度润湿性表征方法，并揭示润湿性特征、孔隙结构与油相可动性之间的内在联系.基于古龙页岩样品，采用宏微观接触角测量表征多尺度润湿性特征，利用核磁共振技术独立评价不同尺度孔隙中的油相可动性，通过系统的关联分析探索润湿性对可动性的控制机制.研究发现，微观接触角虽系统性大于宏观值，但两种方法测量趋势高度一致，验证了跨尺度表征的可靠性.与以往单一尺度认知不同，揭示了孔隙结构与可动性需要协同评价：最优储层可能并非大孔占比最高者，而是孔隙结构均衡（大孔占比60%~80%）且各级孔隙可动性均较高的储层；同时发现矿物组分对多尺度孔隙系统采收率具有差异化控制作用，石英含量与大、小孔隙采收率均呈显著正相关，而不同类型黏土矿物表现出尺度依赖的复杂影响.通过关联分析，建立了润湿性与可动性的定性关系以及矿物组分与可动性的定量评价模型.该研究为页岩油储层甜点识别提供了新的评价方法，强调需要综合考虑孔隙结构、润湿性和可动性的协同效应.Abstract: As an important unconventional energy resource, the efficient development of shale oil is of great significance for ensuring energy security. Shale reservoirs exhibit characteristics of low porosity and permeability, complex pore structures, and diverse mineral compositions, resulting in extremely complex wettability characteristics. Wettability, as a key parameter controlling oil phase occurrence and flow, directly affects shale oil development efficiency. Traditional wettability studies mainly rely on macroscopic contact angle measurements, which struggle to accurately reveal wetting behavior in nanoscale pores and its control mechanisms on oil phase mobility. This study aims to establish a multi-scale wettability characterization method for shale reservoirs and reveal the intrinsic relationships among wettability characteristics, pore structure, and oil phase mobility. Based on Gulong shale samples, macro- and microscopic contact angle measurements were employed to characterize multi-scale wettability features, nuclear magnetic resonance technology was used to independently evaluate oil phase mobility in different-scale pores, and systematic correlation analysis was conducted to explore the control mechanisms of wettability on mobility. The study found that although microscopic contact angles are systematically larger than macroscopic values, the measurement trends from both methods are highly consistent, validating the reliability of cross-scale characterization. Different from previous single-scale understanding, this study reveals that pore structure and mobility require synergistic evaluation: optimal reservoirs may not be those with the highest proportion of large pores, but rather those with balanced pore structure (60%-80% large pore proportion) and high mobility in all pore sizes; additionally, mineral components exhibit differentiated control effects on multi-scale pore system recovery rates, with quartz content showing significant positive correlation with both large and small pore recovery rates, while different clay minerals demonstrate scale-dependent complex influences. Through correlation analysis, qualitative relationships between wettability and mobility, as well as quantitative evaluation models between mineral components and mobility, were established. This research provides new evaluation methods for shale oil reservoir sweet spot identification, emphasizing the need to comprehensively consider the synergistic effects of pore structure, wettability, and mobility.
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Key words:
- shale oil /
- microscopic wetting /
- mobility evaluation /
- recovery factor /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 气-水(上)和油-水(下)接触角测量
Fig. 1. Contact angle measurements of air-water (top) and oil-water (bottom) systems
图 3 4个样品宏观与微观接触角测量结果对比(两种方法相关系数R2=0.84)
Fig. 3. Comparison of macroscopic and microscopic contact angle measurements for four samples (correlation coefficient R2=0.84 between the two methods)
图 4 表面粗糙度对微观润湿形态的影响
从上到下为粗糙度不断增加的4个样品，以蓝色点状直线为分割
Fig. 4. Effect of surface roughness on microscopic wetting morphology
图 5 样品饱和油前后与不同离心转速处理的核磁共振T2图谱对比
Fig. 5. NMR T2 spectra comparison of samples before/after oil saturation and at various centrifugal speeds
图 6 同离心转速下页岩油多尺度孔隙系统采收率变化曲线
a.RLP随离心转速变化特征；b.Rsp变化特征
Fig. 6. Recovery factor curves of multi-scale pore systems in shale oil at different centrifugal speeds
图 7 不同矿物组分含量与RLP和Rsp采收率关系
a.不同石英含量下RLp；b.不同石英含量下Rsp；c.不同黏土含量下RLP；d.不同黏土含量下Rsp；e.不同伊利石含量下Rsp；f.不同伊蒙混层含量下Rsp；g.不同绿泥石含量下Rsp
Fig. 7. Relationship between different mineral component contents and RLP and Rsp recovery factors
表 1 页岩样品矿物组成特征汇总
Table 1. Summary of mineral composition characteristics of shale samples
编号 全岩矿物含量(%) 黏土矿物相对含量(%) 石英 钾长石 斜长石 方解石 黄铁矿 铁白云石 黏土矿物 伊蒙混层 伊利石 绿泥石 混层比(%S) ZY1 36.1 13.1 9.4 8.4 0 0 33 38 28 34 10 GY2 29 1.2 18.5 0 4.8 0 46.5 33 62 5 10 GY3 39.8 1.1 12 1.8 4.2 0 41.1 17 79 4 10 GY4 26.8 0.8 19.1 6.8 2 5.5 39 24 50 26 5 
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表 2 页岩样品基础物性参数
Table 2. Basic physical properties of shale samples
样品编号 直径(cm) 长度(cm) 孔隙度(%) 渗透率(mD) ZY1 2.55 4.28 6.11 0.49 GY2 2.58 4.18 6.66 0.47 GY3 2.61 4.25 9.72 2.04 GY4 2.58 4.19 9.6 0.064
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表 3 页岩样品可动性评价结果
Table 3. Mobility evaluation of shale samples
样品编号 大孔比例（%） 小孔比例（%） 大孔可动性（%） 小孔可动性（%） ZY1 71.25 28.75 19.18 24.75 GY2 46.64 53.36 6.03 22.03 GY3 93.12 6.88 18.94 37.04
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