Petrogenesis of the Jiushishan Composite Pluton in South China
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摘要: 华南地区广泛分布的中生代复式高分异花岗岩体与钨锡稀有金属成矿作用密切相关，但其分异演化机制的争议限制了对其成矿潜力的判别. 为深化高分异花岗岩体的成因模型认识，对湘南九嶷山复式花岗岩体中的各岩体单元开展了系统的全岩地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及原位Hf同位素分析. 结果表明，砂子岭、金鸡岭和螃蟹木花岗岩体的锆石加权平均年龄分别为153.0±1.0 Ma、153.1±0.9 Ma和153.8±1.5 Ma，归属于同一期岩浆活动的产物. 主微量元素和同位素组成显示，九嶷山复式花岗岩体主体来源于古老下地壳部分熔融，源区有少量地幔组分注入，属板内伸展环境下的A2型花岗岩. 花岗岩体演化符合多级结晶分异过程，通过瑞利分馏模拟构建九嶷山复式花岗岩体分异演化模型：初始晶粥在结晶程度40%~50%时发生间隙熔体抽取，残余堆晶形成砂子岭岩体；被抽取的熔体经进一步向上迁移和分异，先后侵位形成金鸡岭与螃蟹木岩体. 该模型为华南中生代复式岩体的岩浆演化过程及稀有金属富集机制提供了新的约束.Abstract: The Mesozoic composite plutons widely distributed in South China are closely associated with rare metal mineralization. However, their genetic mechanisms remain highly debated. To constrain the petrogenetic model of such intrusions, this study focuses on the Jiuyishan composite pluton in southern Hunan, employing integrated whole-rock geochemistry, zircon U-Pb geochronology, and in situ Hf isotopic analysis. Zircon U-Pb dating yields weighted mean ages of 153.0±1.0 Ma, 153.1±0.9 Ma, and 153.8±1.5 Ma for the Shaziling, Jinjiling, and Pangxiemu plutons, respectively, indicating their emplacement during the early Yanshanian period. Whole-rock Sr-Nd and zircon Hf isotopic compositions suggest that these rocks were derived primarily from partial melting of ancient lower crust with minor mantle input, and are classified as A2-type granites formed in an intraplate extensional setting. Based on Rayleigh fractionation modeling of the whole-rock Rb-Sr system, we propose a multi-stage crystallization differentiation model: initial crystal mush underwent melt extraction at 40%-50% crystallinity, with the residual cumulates forming the Shaziling pluton, while the extracted melt subsequently migrated and experienced further differentiation, eventually emplacing as the Jinjiling and Pangxiemu plutons. This model provides new constraints on the magmatic evolution of Mesozoic composite plutons in South China and their implications for rare metal enrichment.
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图 1 （a）大地构造位置图；（b）南岭地区岩浆岩分布图（据Shu et al., 2011）
Fig. 1. (a) Tectonic location map; (b) Distribution map of magmatic tocks in the Nanling Region (modified after Shu et al., 2011)
图 2 砂子岭、金鸡岭和螃蟹木样品手标本和显微照片
a. 砂子岭花岗岩样品24SZL-3手标本；b. 砂子岭花岗岩样品24SZL-22手标本；c. 砂子岭花岗岩样品24SZL-3显微照片；d. 金鸡岭花岗岩样品24JJL-4手标本；e. 金鸡岭花岗岩样品24JJL-48手标本；f. 金鸡岭花岗岩样品24JJL-4显微照片；g. 螃蟹木岩体样品24PXM-4手标本；h. 螃蟹木岩体样品24PXM-22手标本；i. 螃蟹木岩体样品24PXM-22显微照片
Fig. 2. Hand specimens and micrographs of samples from Shaziling, Jinjiling, and Pangxiemu pluton
图 3 九嶷山复式岩体
a. TAS分类图（据Middlemost，1994）；b. A/CNK-A/NK图（据Maniar and Piccoli，1989）
Fig. 3. Jiuyishan composite pluton
图 4 （a）砂子岭、金鸡岭岩体和螃蟹木岩体的球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分图；（b）砂子岭、金鸡岭岩体和螃蟹木岩体的原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图
Fig. 4. (a) Chondrite-normalized rare earth element (REE) patterns of the Shaziling, Jinjiling, and Pangxiemu plutons; (b) Primitive mantle-normalized trace element spider diagrams of the Shaziling, Jinjiling, and Pangxiemu plutons
图 5 代表性锆石阴极发光（CL）图像
a. 砂子岭岩体样品；b. 金鸡岭岩体样品；c. 螃蟹木岩体样品；图中红色圆圈（直径为35 μm）和绿色圆圈（直径为45 μm）分别表示锆石的U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素测点位置
Fig. 5. Cathodoluminescence (CL) images
图 6 九嶷山复式岩体代表性锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图
Fig. 6. U-Pb concordia diagrams of representative zircon U-Pb ages from the Jiuyishan Composite Pluton
图 7 （a）九嶷山复式岩体锆石εHf(t)-t图; εHf(t)值的直方图（b）砂子岭岩体样品，（c）金鸡岭岩体样品和（d）螃蟹木岩体样品
Fig. 7. (a) Zircon εHf(t)-t diagrams of the Jiuyishan Composite Pluton; Histograms of εHf(t) values of (b): Samples from the Shaziling pluton, (c): Samples from the Jinjiling pluton and (d) Samples from the Pangxiemu pluton.
图 8 （a）全岩Zr-10 000Ga/Al图解；（b）全岩(Zr+Nb+Ce+Y)-10 000Ga/Al图解；（c）锆石Th-Pb图解；（d）锆石TTi-zircon-Zr/Hf图解
Fig. 8. (a) whole-rock Zr-10 000Ga/Al diagram; (b) whole-rock (Zr+Nb+Ce+Y)-10000Ga/Al diagram; (c) zircon Th-Pb diagram; (d) zircon TTi-zircon-Zr/Hf diagram
图 9 （a）Nb-Y-3Ga图解；（b）Nb-Y-Ce图解（据Eby, 1992）；（c）Ta-Yb图解；（d）Rb-(Y+Nb)图解
Fig. 9. (a) Nb-Y-3Ga diagram; (b) Nb-Y-Ce diagram; (c) Ta-Yb diagram; (d) Rb-(Y+Nb) diagram
图 10 （a）砂子岭岩体锆石球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分图；（b）金鸡岭岩体锆石球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分图；（c）螃蟹木岩体锆石球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分图；（d）锆石温度直方频率图
Fig. 10. (a) Chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns of zircons from the Shaziling pluton; (b) Chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns of zircons from the Jinjiling pluton; (c) Chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns of zircons from the Pangxiemu pluton; (d) Histogram of zircon saturation temperature.
图 11 九嶷山复式岩体结晶分异模拟图
Fig. 11. Crystallization differentiation modeling diagram for the Jiuyishan composite pluton
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