藏北白垩纪构造演化与铜金成矿作用

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2025.282

藏北白垩纪构造演化与铜金成矿作用

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.282

吉林大学地球科学学院, 吉林长春 130061

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金（No. 42572261）

中央引导地方科技发展资金项目（No. XZ202401YD0006）和吉林大学研究生创新基金资助项目（No. 2025CX228）.

详细信息

作者简介:
柏佳伟（1996–），男，博士研究生，地质学专业，主要从事青藏高原中特提斯洋构造演化研究；ORCID：0009-0004-0299-9265；E-mail：bjwcc259@163.com

通讯作者:
范建军，ORCID：0000-0001-5298-7562

中图分类号: P548
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-09-22
- 网络出版日期: 2025-12-29

Cretaceous Tectonic Evolution and Cu–Au Metallogenesis in Northern Tibet

College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, China

摘要

摘要: 藏北白垩纪构造演化存在较大争议，严重制约了高原隆升和藏北世界级规模铜金资源成矿背景的准确认识。为重建藏北白垩纪演化，本文对藏北西部吉普三队、松西和日土岩浆岩开展了综合研究。结果显示，吉普三队和松西岩浆岩分别形成于~120和~110 Ma，均为I型高钾钙碱性花岗岩，经历了复杂的熔融、同化、储存、均一化过程，是中特提斯洋俯冲作用的产物。日土岩浆岩形成于~90 Ma，为富Nb型辉长岩和A型花岗岩组成的双峰式岩浆作用，是造山后伸展事件的产物。从120–110 Ma至~90 Ma，藏北西部经历了由俯冲向碰撞转变的洋陆转换过程。利用壳源岩浆岩反演其形成时的地壳厚度和壳源物质贡献度的结果表明，藏北西部在160–100 Ma具有正常的陆壳厚度（~30 km），但~100 Ma之后，地壳明显增厚，~90 Ma时，地壳厚度（~60 km）已超现今伊朗高原。~110 Ma时，地壳物质贡献度达到峰值，预示着初始碰撞。综合上述研究，结合区域晚白垩世磨拉石和混杂岩资料，本文提出中特提斯洋在白垩纪经历了从东向西的穿时洋陆转换，其中藏北西部洋陆转换发生在110–96 Ma。中特提斯洋闭合后，拉萨-羌塘碰撞导致了藏北显著的地壳加厚和地表隆升，其隆升规模至少堪比现今的伊朗高原。穿时洋陆转换及造山过程促使岩浆熔体氧逸度的升高，为藏北巨量铜金资源富集成矿创造了有利条件。本研究从岩浆岩角度重建了藏北白垩纪洋陆转换与造山过程，为造山带形成演化和成矿作用研究提供了经典实例。
- 藏北 /
- 班公湖-怒江缝合带 /
- 白垩纪构造演化 /
- 拉萨-羌塘碰撞 /
- 铜金成矿作用
Abstract: The Cretaceous tectonic evolution of northern Tibet remains highly controversial, significantly constraining our understanding of plateau uplift and the metallogenic background of world-class Cu–Au resources in this region. To reconstruct the Cretaceous evolution of northern Tibet, we conducted an integrated study on magmatic rocks from Jipusandui, Songxi, and Rutog in western Northern Tibet. Results indicate that the Jipusandui (~120 Ma) and Songxi (~110 Ma) intrusions are I-type high-K calc-alkaline granites that underwent complex processes of melting, assimilation, storage, and homogenization, representing products of Meso-Tethys Ocean subduction. The Rutog magmatic rocks (~90 Ma) is characterized by a bimodal volcanic association composed of Nb-enriched gabbro and A-type granite, reflecting post-orogenic extensional tectonics. From 120–110 Ma to ~90 Ma, western Northern Tibet experienced an ocean–continent transition from subduction to collision. Inversion of crustal thickness and crustal contributions based on crust-derived magmas reveals that the crust of western Northern Tibet maintained a normal thickness (~30 km) during 160–100 Ma, but significantly thickened after ~100 Ma, reaching ~60 km by ~90 Ma—exceeding the present-day Iranian Plateau. The peak contribution of crustal materials at ~110 Ma suggests the onset of initial collision. Synthesizing results with regional Late Cretaceous molasse and mélange records, we propose that the Meso-Tethys Ocean underwent a diachronous ocean–continent transition from east to west during the Cretaceous, with the transition in western Northern Tibet occurring between 110 and 96 Ma. Following the closure of the Meso-Tethys Ocean, the Lhasa–Qiangtang collision resulted in pronounced crustal thickening and surface uplift, with an uplift magnitude at least comparable to that of the modern Iranian Plateau. This diachronous ocean–continent transition and subsequent orogenesis elevated the oxygen fugacity of magmatic systems, thereby creating favorable conditions for the enrichment and metallogenesis of giant Cu–Au resources in northern Tibet. From the perspective of magmatic records, this study reconstructs the Cretaceous ocean–continent transition and orogenic processes in northern Tibet, providing a representative case study for understanding the orogenesis and metallogenesis in collisional orogens.

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