近坝库岸滑坡涌浪溃坝灾害链模型试验方法

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2025.283

近坝库岸滑坡涌浪溃坝灾害链模型试验方法

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.283

杜镇瀚^,2,
钟启明³,
周家文²,
侯文昂^1,4,
张士辰^1,4, ,

1. 南京水利科学研究院大坝安全与管理研究所, 南京, 210024;
2. 四川大学水利水电学院, 成都, 610065;
3. 南京水利科学研究院岩土工程研究所, 南京, 210029;
4. 水利部大坝安全管理中心, 南京, 210029

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划青年科学家项目（2022YFC3080100）

国家自然科学基金-联合基金重点项目（U22A20602）

南京水利科学研究院研究生学位论文创新基金项目（Yy725009）

详细信息

作者简介:
杜镇瀚(1998—)，男，博士研究生，主要从事库区地质灾害链生机理及风险评估研究。E-mail: zhdu@nhri.cn。 ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5589-5364。

通讯作者:
张士辰（1977—），男，教高，主要从事库区地质灾害风险评估研究。E-mail:sczhang@nhri.cn。

中图分类号: P642
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-09-05
- 网络出版日期: 2025-12-29

Experimental Methodology for Modeling the Disaster Chain of Near-Dam Landslide-Generated Waves and Resultant Dam Breach

1. Department of Dam Safety Management, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210024, China;
2. College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
3. Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China;
4. Dam Safety Management Center of the Ministry of water Resources, Nanjing, 210029, China

摘要

摘要: 近坝库岸滑坡引发的涌浪灾害链具有突发性、链生性、强破坏性等特点，对水工建筑物及下游安全构成严重威胁。通过开展滑坡涌浪溃坝一体化物理模型试验，系统记录涌浪演进、坝体冲蚀及溃决过程的关键数据，揭示了土石坝在涌浪作用下的溃决机制。基于水槽试验数据，建立基于有限体积法的三维精细化数值模型，耦合滑体运动、水流动力与坝料冲蚀模块，验证了数值方法的可靠性。开展多因素数值分析，揭示了滑坡体积、滑落高度、坝体几何形态及滑坡位置等因素对溃坝过程的影响。研究结果表明，在溃坝场景下，涌浪冲击显著加速坝体侵蚀，导致洪峰流量增大、溃决时间提前，呈现出明显的灾害放大效应。研究为近坝库区地质灾害链的风险识别与评估提供了理论依据与模拟方法支撑。
- 近坝库岸 /
- 滑坡涌浪 /
- 溃坝 /
- 链生机理 /
- 物理试验 /
- 数值分析
Abstract: The disaster chain initiated by near-dam reservoir landslides, characterized by its abrupt onset, cascading nature, and severe destructive potential, poses a significant threat to hydraulic structures and downstream safety. This study presents integrated physical model tests simulating landslide-generated impulse waves and subsequent dam breaching. Key data on wave evolution, dam erosion, and the breach process were systematically recorded, revealing the failure mechanisms of earth-rock dams subjected to wave impact. Leveraging the experimental data, a refined three-dimensional numerical model was developed using the Finite Volume Method. This model couples modules for landslide motion, hydrodynamics, and dam material erosion. The reliability of the numerical model was validated against the experimental results. A parametric study was then conducted to investigate the influence of key factors, including landslide volume, fall height, dam geometry, and landslide location, on the breaching process. The results demonstrate that wave impact significantly accelerates dam erosion, leading to an increased peak discharge and an advanced breach timeline, highlighting a clear disaster amplification effect. This study provides both a theoretical foundation and an advanced simulation methodology for the risk identification and assessment of cascading geological hazards in near-dam reservoir areas.
- Near-dam reservoir bank /
- Landslide-generated wave /
- Dam breach /
- Disaster chain mechanism /
- Physical model testing /
- Numerical analysis

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参考文献(44)

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近坝库岸滑坡涌浪溃坝灾害链模型试验方法

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.283

作者简介:
杜镇瀚(1998—)，男，博士研究生，主要从事库区地质灾害链生机理及风险评估研究。E-mail: zhdu@nhri.cn。 ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5589-5364。

通讯作者:
张士辰（1977—），男，教高，主要从事库区地质灾害风险评估研究。E-mail:sczhang@nhri.cn。

计量

Experimental Methodology for Modeling the Disaster Chain of Near-Dam Landslide-Generated Waves and Resultant Dam Breach

计量

目录

留言板

近坝库岸滑坡涌浪溃坝灾害链模型试验方法

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.283

作者简介: 杜镇瀚(1998—)，男，博士研究生，主要从事库区地质灾害链生机理及风险评估研究。E-mail: zhdu@nhri.cn。 ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5589-5364。

通讯作者: 张士辰（1977—），男，教高，主要从事库区地质灾害风险评估研究。E-mail:sczhang@nhri.cn。

计量

出版历程

Experimental Methodology for Modeling the Disaster Chain of Near-Dam Landslide-Generated Waves and Resultant Dam Breach

计量

出版历程

目录

作者简介:
杜镇瀚(1998—)，男，博士研究生，主要从事库区地质灾害链生机理及风险评估研究。E-mail: zhdu@nhri.cn。 ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5589-5364。

通讯作者:
张士辰（1977—），男，教高，主要从事库区地质灾害风险评估研究。E-mail:sczhang@nhri.cn。