海洋甲烷运移扩散机制及环境影响研究进展与展望

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2025.291

海洋甲烷运移扩散机制及环境影响研究进展与展望

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.291

倪鑫^1,2,3,
梁前勇^1,2, ,,
刘修国³,
董一飞^1,2,
郭斌斌^1,2,
吴杨^1,2,
吴学敏^1,2,
苏丹仪^1,2,
许安迪^1,2,
杨林^1,2,
肖曦^1,2,
王智刚^1,2,
吴晓钰^1,2,
窦晓峰^1,2,
李嘉成^1,2,
蒋钟叶^1,2

1. 中国地质调查局广州海洋地质调查局, 广东广州 511458
2. 天然气水合物勘查开发国家工程研究中心, 广东广州 511458
3. 中国地质大学地理与信息工程学院, 湖北武汉 430078

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目（No. 42276087，U2544219）；中国地质调查局项目（DD20221706、DD20230065）；广东省基础与应用基础研究重大项目（2023B0303000021）

详细信息

作者简介:
倪鑫（2001-），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为海洋环境. ORCID：0009-0004-6477-212X. E-mail：nixin.prc@cug.edu.cn

通讯作者:
梁前勇(1983-),男,正高级工程师,研究方向为海洋地球化学.ORCID:0000-0002-9172-1828.E-mail:tomlqy@163.com

中图分类号: P731
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- 文章访问数: 102
- HTML全文浏览量: 2
- PDF下载量: 8
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-09-23
- 网络出版日期: 2026-01-05

Progress and Prospect of Marine Methane Leakage, Migration and Diffusion Mechanism and Ecological Environment Impact

Xin Ni^1,2,3,
Qianyong Liang^{1,2
, ,},
Xiuguo Liu³,
Yifei Dong^1,2,
Binbin Guo^1,2,
Yang Wu^1,2,
Xuemin Wu^1,2,
Danyi Su^1,2,
Andi Xu^1,2,
Lin Yang^1,2,
Xi Xiao^1,2,
Zhigang Wang^1,2,
Xiaoyu Wu^1,2,
Xiaofeng Dou^1,2,
Jiacheng Li^1,2,
Zhongye Jiang^1,2

1. Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 511458, China
2. National Engineering Research Center of Natural Gas Hydrate Exploration and Development, Guangzhou 511458, China
3. School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China

摘要

摘要: 甲烷作为强效温室气体，其单分子温室效应在百年尺度上是二氧化碳的30倍，而海洋甲烷储量占全球总储量的95%，甲烷源汇过程直接影响全球气候变化.本文通过文献调研和数据分析方法，系统梳理了全球海洋甲烷渗漏的空间分布格局与运移扩散机理，并结合南海、墨西哥湾等典型案例区实测数据定量评估环境效应.结果显示全球甲烷渗漏呈显著空间差异，环太平洋海域渗漏最为活跃，北极与大西洋沿岸次之，环南极洲海域最低.这种分布格局主要由板块构造活动、天然气水合物稳定带条件以及沉积有机质供给共同控制.北极等高纬度地区的实际渗漏活跃度可能被低估，这些地方是海洋甲烷进入大气的主要来源.从全球来看约70%-90%的海底渗漏甲烷被微生物氧化消耗，但仍有1.5%-4%直接进入大气，年贡献量约6-12 Tg.海底甲烷渗漏通过水体运移扩散、生态重构和温室气体排放对全球环境产生显著影响.应加强动态监测及甲烷负排放技术研发，服务双碳目标与全球气候治理.
- 甲烷渗漏 /
- 空间分布 /
- 多维运移扩散 /
- 全球海洋 /
- 环境效应
Abstract: Over a 100-year period, methane has a global warming potential 30 times that of carbon dioxide on a per-molecule basis. As a potent greenhouse gas, methane stored in the ocean accounts for 95% of the global total reserves, and the processes of methane sources and sinks directly influence global climate change. In this paper, the spatial distribution pattern and transport and diffusion mechanism of global marine methane leakage are systematically investigated through literature research and data analysis, and the environmental effects are quantitatively assessed by combining the measured data of typical case areas such as the South China Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. The global methane seepage shows significant spatial differences, with the most active seepage in the Pacific Rim, followed by the Arctic and Atlantic coasts, and the lowest in the Antarctic Rim. This distribution pattern is primarily controlled by tectonic activity, conditions within the hydrate stability zone, and the supply of sedimentary organic matter. The actual seepage activity in high-latitude regions such as the Arctic may be underestimated, representing a major source of oceanic methane in the atmosphere. Approximately 70%-90% of seafloor methane seepage is oxidized and consumed by microorganisms, but 1.5%-4% enters the atmosphere directly, contributing 6-12 Tg per year. Seafloor methane seepage has significant impacts on the global environment through ocean acidification, ecological restructuring, and greenhouse gas emissions. Dynamic monitoring and research and development of methane negative emission technologies should be strengthened to serve the dual carbon goals and global climate governance.
- Methane leakage /
- spatial distribution /
- multidimensional transport and dispersion /
- global oceans /
- environmental effects

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海洋甲烷运移扩散机制及环境影响研究进展与展望

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.291

作者简介:
倪鑫（2001-），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为海洋环境. ORCID：0009-0004-6477-212X. E-mail：nixin.prc@cug.edu.cn

通讯作者:
梁前勇(1983-),男,正高级工程师,研究方向为海洋地球化学.ORCID:0000-0002-9172-1828.E-mail:tomlqy@163.com

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Progress and Prospect of Marine Methane Leakage, Migration and Diffusion Mechanism and Ecological Environment Impact

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海洋甲烷运移扩散机制及环境影响研究进展与展望

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.291

作者简介: 倪鑫（2001-），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为海洋环境. ORCID：0009-0004-6477-212X. E-mail：nixin.prc@cug.edu.cn

通讯作者: 梁前勇(1983-),男,正高级工程师,研究方向为海洋地球化学.ORCID:0000-0002-9172-1828.E-mail:tomlqy@163.com

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Progress and Prospect of Marine Methane Leakage, Migration and Diffusion Mechanism and Ecological Environment Impact

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出版历程

目录

作者简介:
倪鑫（2001-），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为海洋环境. ORCID：0009-0004-6477-212X. E-mail：nixin.prc@cug.edu.cn

通讯作者:
梁前勇(1983-),男,正高级工程师,研究方向为海洋地球化学.ORCID:0000-0002-9172-1828.E-mail:tomlqy@163.com