西南山区泥石流防护工程结构与植生环境破坏机制浅析

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2025.293

西南山区泥石流防护工程结构与植生环境破坏机制浅析

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.293

1. 南京大学地球工程与科学学院, 南京 210023
2. 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所, 山地自然灾害与工程安全重点实验室, 成都 610299

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目（2024YFC3012703）；国家自然科学基金青年基金项目（42407278）联合资助

详细信息

作者简介:
石豪（2003-）男，硕士研究生，主要从事地质灾害防治与风险控制方面的研究工作。E-mail: 502025290065@smail.nju.edu.cn，ORCID:0009-0000-1142-0420。

通讯作者:
曾志雄(1990-),男,博士,研究员,主要从事工程地质灾害与风险防控方面的研究

中图分类号: P642.22
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-10-16
- 网络出版日期: 2026-01-05

Damage Mechanisms of Debris Flow to Protection Structures and Vegetation in Mountainous Areas of Southwest China

1. School of Earth sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University 210023, China
2. Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Engineering Resilience, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610299, China

摘要

摘要: 西南山区地质条件复杂，降雨量大集中，泥石流灾害多发频发。虽然自上世纪以来已逐步构建体系化的防护系统，然而在极端天气事件增多和人类工程活动加剧的背景下防护工程面临严峻的挑战。为了阐明泥石流作用下“工程-生态”系统的协同破坏机制，本文通过对多处泥石流沟防护工程及植生环境进行了实地考察与取样测试，系统分析并总结了不同防护工程结构破坏机制，阐明了植生环境失效机理。基于现场实地调查与典型案例的综合分析，发现拦挡坝和排导槽等防护工程的破坏三种模式：受大质量泥石流冲击造成的结构断裂、细沙砾石长期磨蚀导致的表层骨料外露，以及基础被水流淘蚀引发的整体失稳。而泥石流对植被的作用包括直接与间接影响。直接作用主要是冲击造成的茎干断裂、拔出、表皮磨损，以及掩埋导致的根系衰竭与光合受阻；间接作用则源于堆积体破坏土壤结构、侵蚀引起养分流失，从而抑制种子萌发，导致植被退化。而且硬质工程可能加剧局部生态退化，而植被恢复则可有效增强工程结构的长期稳定性。基于上述机制，本研究提出了“生态-工程”协同的泥石流防护工程设计原则，及“监测-模拟-评估-预警”智能防控框架。研究成果有望为西南山区泥石流的韧性防护与生态化治理提供理论依据和系统性技术路径，提升区域综合防灾能力，保障生命财产与生态安全。
- 西南山区 /
- 泥石流 /
- 防护工程结构 /
- 植生环境 /
- 破坏模式 /
- 机制分析
Abstract: The southwestern mountainous region of China is characterized by complex geological conditions, and heavy and concentrated rainfall, leading to frequent debris flow disasters. Although a systematic protection framework has been developed since the last century, it now faces severe challenges due to increasing extreme weather events and intensive human engineering activities. This study aims to clarify the synergistic damage mechanisms of the “engineering-ecology” system under debris flow impacts. Through field investigations and sample testing of multiple debris flow gullies and their vegetation environments, we systematically analyzed and summarized the failure mechanisms of various protection structures and elucidated the pathways of vegetation degradation. Our field surveys and case study analyses reveal three primary failure modes for check dams and drainage channels: structural fracture from the impact of massive debris flows, surface abrasion and aggregate exposure from prolonged scouring by sediments, and overall instability due to foundation scour by water flow. The effects on vegetation are categorized into direct and indirect impacts. Direct impacts include stem breakage, uprooting and bark abrasion from the debris flow impact, and root asphyxiation and photosynthesis disruption from burial. Indirect impacts arise from the destruction of soil structure by deposits and nutrient loss from erosion, which inhibit seed germination and lead to vegetation degradation. Furthermore, the rigid structural measures may exacerbate local ecological degradation, whereas vegetation restoration can effectively enhance the long-term stability of engineering structures.Based on the above mechanisms, this study proposes specific principles for “ecology-engineering” design and presents an intelligent prevention and control framework integrating multi-source monitoring data and numerical simulation. The findings are expected to provide a theoretical basis and a systematic technical approach for resilient protection and ecological management of debris flows in the southwestern mountains, ultimately improving regional comprehensive disaster prevention capabilities and safeguarding human life, property, and ecological security.
- Southwest China mountains /
- Debris flow /
- Engineering structures /
- Vegetation environment /
- Damage pattern /
- Mechanism analysis

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西南山区泥石流防护工程结构与植生环境破坏机制浅析

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.293

作者简介:
石豪（2003-）男，硕士研究生，主要从事地质灾害防治与风险控制方面的研究工作。E-mail: 502025290065@smail.nju.edu.cn，ORCID:0009-0000-1142-0420。

通讯作者:
曾志雄(1990-),男,博士,研究员,主要从事工程地质灾害与风险防控方面的研究

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Damage Mechanisms of Debris Flow to Protection Structures and Vegetation in Mountainous Areas of Southwest China

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留言板

西南山区泥石流防护工程结构与植生环境破坏机制浅析

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.293

作者简介: 石豪（2003-）男，硕士研究生，主要从事地质灾害防治与风险控制方面的研究工作。E-mail: 502025290065@smail.nju.edu.cn，ORCID:0009-0000-1142-0420。

通讯作者: 曾志雄(1990-),男,博士,研究员,主要从事工程地质灾害与风险防控方面的研究

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出版历程

Damage Mechanisms of Debris Flow to Protection Structures and Vegetation in Mountainous Areas of Southwest China

计量

出版历程

目录

作者简介:
石豪（2003-）男，硕士研究生，主要从事地质灾害防治与风险控制方面的研究工作。E-mail: 502025290065@smail.nju.edu.cn，ORCID:0009-0000-1142-0420。

通讯作者:
曾志雄(1990-),男,博士,研究员,主要从事工程地质灾害与风险防控方面的研究