Fault System and Evolution Process of Hashan Structural Belt in Northwestern Junggar Basin
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摘要: 准噶尔盆地西北缘哈山构造带的断裂属性仍然存在较大的争议.基于哈山构造带最新地震剖面的精细解析建立地质模型，系统分析其断裂活动性，并通过平衡剖面恢复定量揭示构造演化过程.研究结果表明，哈山构造带是一个经历多期构造演化的复合断裂系统：其中达尔布特断裂体系是具有花状构造特征的走滑断裂体系，而乌尔禾-夏子街断裂体系则是走滑变形向盆地方向传播形成的褶皱冲断带.哈山构造带自二叠纪以来主要经历三期构造变形：二叠纪末期为主变形期，达尔布特走滑断裂体系于此期间成型，三叠纪-侏罗纪是乌尔禾-夏子街断裂体系主要形成时期，白垩纪-新生代表现为斜向抬升.Abstract: The fault property of the Hashan structural belt, located in the southwestern Junggar basin, is still controversial. In this paper it constructs the structural model of the Hashan structural belt by interpreting the latest seismic profile, and analyzes the fault displacements. The evolution process is investigated using balanced cross-section restoration. The results suggest that the Hashan structural belt is a complex fault system undergoing multiple stages of deformation. The Darabut fault system forms a typical flower structure controlled by the basement-involved strike-slip fault, and the Wuerhe-Xiazijie fault system develops a thrust deformation as the compressional stress propagates toward the Junggar basin. The Hashan structural belt has experienced three deformation stages since the Permian. The Darabut fault system predominantly formed in the Late Permian. The Wuerhe-Xiazijie fault system formed during the deformation from the Triassic to the Jurassic, and the Hashan structural belt kept lifting from the Cretaceous to the Cenozoic.
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Key words:
- earthquake /
- strike-slip fault /
- fault displacement /
- Hashan structural belt /
- Junggar basin /
- tectonics
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图 1 准噶尔盆地周缘构造简图（a）以及哈山构造带区域地质图（b）
a.准噶尔盆地周缘造山带及主干断裂分布，据Ding et al.（2020）和Zhu et al.（2023）修改；b.研究区周缘地质图以及主要断裂分布示意，据薛雁等（2017）修改
Fig. 1. Tectonic (a) and geological (b) maps of the Hashan area, northwestern margin of the Junggar basin
图 3 哈山构造带中部（a）典型地震剖面及（b）解释模型
Fig. 3. Seismic (a) and interpreted (b) cross-sections in the central zone of the Hashan structural belt
图 4 哈山构造带地质剖面与前陆褶皱冲断带和走滑断裂对比
a.塔西南褶皱冲断带的地质剖面，N1k：克孜洛依组，N1a：安居安组，N1p：帕卡布拉克组，N2a：阿图什组；b.哈山构造带的典型地质剖面，地层名称见图 3；c.汇聚型走滑断裂体系的物理模拟剖面，据McClay and Bonora（2001）；d.荷兰盆地西部花状构造地质剖面，据Racero-Baena and Drake（1996）
Fig. 4. Comparison between the Hashan structural belt, foreland fold-and-thrust belts, and strike-slip faults
图 5 准噶尔盆地西北缘哈山构造带‒谢米斯台山长剖面
据孙自明等（2015）.D.泥盆系；C.石炭系；P1.下二叠统；P2-3.中上二叠统；T.三叠系；J1b.八道湾组；J1s.三工河组；J2x.西山窑组；J2t.头屯河组；K1T.吐谷鲁群；Cz.新生界
Fig. 5. The long cross-section from the Mount Semistai to the Hashan structural belt in the northwestern zone of the Junggar basin
图 6 哈山构造带达尔布特断裂体系逆冲叠瓦构造模型的前展式平衡恢复图
按照前展式变形模式，针对每条断裂进行去断层的恢复，获得断裂运动学模型和断距
Fig. 6. Forward balance restoration for the imbricated thrust system of the Darabut fault system in the Hashan structural belt
图 7 典型前陆冲断带断裂活动与达尔布特断裂体系活动性对比
a.根据Morgan and Bangs（2017）中数值模拟实验结果绘制；b.根据文献Sun et al.（2016）中物理模拟实验绘制
Fig. 7. Comparison of the fault displacement between the foreland fold-and-thrust belt and the Darabut fault system
图 8 哈山构造带典型剖面平衡恢复图
达尔布特断裂体系按照走滑变形模式进行恢复，乌尔禾‒夏子街断裂体系按照逆冲断裂进行恢复
Fig. 8. Balance restoration of the Hashan structural belt
图 9 哈山构造带平面演化与动力学背景示意
a.晚二叠世准噶尔盆地与周缘板块关系简图（据Yi et al.，2015绘制）；b.现今噶尔盆地与周缘板块关系简图（据Yi et al.，2015绘制）；c.哈山构造带二叠纪到三叠纪平面演化示意，主要断裂活动集中在达尔布特断裂体系；d.哈山构造带三叠纪到侏罗纪平面演化示意，受到东准噶尔块体的阻挡，压扭应力向盆地方向传播，形成乌尔禾‒夏子街断裂体系；e.哈山构造带白垩纪‒新生代平面演化示意图.受到欧亚板块碰撞远程效应的影响，达尔布特断裂转为左行走滑断裂，以整体抬升为主，断裂活动不发育
Fig. 9. Simplified tectonic map of the Junggar basin and relevant evolution process of the Hashan structural belt in plain view
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