Mineralization Process of No.3 Orebody of Jinchuan Deposit and New Implication for Metallogenic Model
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摘要: 为查明金川矿床3号矿体成矿过程、深化成矿模式，利用电子探针、全岩主微量，Ni、Cu及PGE元素分析等方法，获取3号矿体中细粒及伟晶状二辉橄榄岩中橄榄石Fo值及Ni含量为82.4%~85%和1 069×10-6~2 420×10-6；Fo值及Ni含量具有由北西向南东逐渐变高趋势.主量元素变化表明3号矿体主要发生了橄榄石和辉石的分离结晶；赋矿岩体略富集轻稀土元素，明显富集LILE而亏损HFSE.3号矿体铂族元素含量与24号矿体相似，明显高于1号和2号矿体.3号矿体南东方向深部仍存在基性程度更高且含矿性更好的矿体，金川矿床是“幔源岩浆深部硫化物熔离-含矿岩浆多中心”侵位的产物，3号和24号矿体共用同一岩浆通道，1号和2号矿体是含矿岩浆沿不同通道分别侵位的产物.Abstract: To elucidate the mineralization process of the No.3 orebody of the Jinchuan deposit and to refine the Jinchuan metallogenic model, it conducted EPMA of ore minerals together with whole-rock major-trace element and Ni-Cu-PGE analyses. Olivine from the fine-grained and pegmatitic lherzolite hosting the No.3 orebody shows Fo values of 82.4%-85.0% and Ni contents of 1 069×10-6-2 420×10-6. Both Fo and olivine Ni content increase progressively from the northwest to the southeast. Major-element variations suggest that the No.3 orebody experienced dominantly olivine- and pyroxene-controlled fractional crystallization. The ore-bearing rocks are slightly enriched in light rare earth elements (LREE), markedly enriched in large-ion lithophile elements (LILE), and depleted in high-field-strength elements (HFSE). The total PGE abundances of the No.3 orebody are comparable to those of the No.24 orebody, but are significantly higher than those of the No.1 and No.2 orebodies. Importantly, the southeastern segment of the No.3 orebody remains relatively more mafic and therefore retains greater mineralization potential. These observations support a metallogenic model in which the Jinchuan deposit formed through "mantle-derived magma, sulfide segregation, and multi-center emplacement of mineralized magma". The No.3 and No.24 orebodies were supplied by the same magma conduit, whereas the No. 1 and No. 2 orebodies were fed by separate conduits.
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图 1 龙首山隆起带区域地质及镁铁‒超镁铁岩分布
金川年龄数据据Li et al., 2005；茅草泉和小口子数据焦建刚等, 2012, 2017；西井数据段俊等，2015
Fig. 1. The distribution of the mafic-ultramafic intrusion of the Longshoushan Terrane
图 2 金川矿区地质简图（a）、勘探线纵投影图（b）及3号矿体典型勘探线剖面图（c）
图b、c图例同图a
Fig. 2. Geologic map of the Jinchuan intrusion (a), a projected long section (b) and the typical cross section of No.3 orebody
图 3 金川矿床3号矿体中不同矿石类型及相互接触关系
a. 海绵陨铁状矿石；b.浸染状矿石；c. 伟晶状二辉橄榄岩中橄榄石与硫化物珠滴关系；d. 伟晶状二辉橄榄岩与细粒辉石岩相接触关系及矿石类型；e. 半块状矿石；f. 细粒浸染状矿石与伟晶状二辉橄榄岩接触关系
Fig. 3. The contact relationships of different ore types in No.3 orebody
图 4 3号矿体中不同岩相显微照片
a、b. 橄榄石全部蚀变为蛇纹石；c. 中粗粒纯橄岩中橄榄石特征；d. 伟晶状二辉橄榄岩中残留的新鲜橄榄石；e、f.中细粒二辉橄榄岩中橄榄石堆晶及包橄结构. Ol. 橄榄石；Srp. 蛇纹石；Opx. 斜方辉石；Sul. 硫化物
Fig. 4. The micrographs of different lithofacies in No.3 orebody
图 5 Ⅲ号岩体不同岩相橄榄石Fo-Ni含量相关性图解
CKIII-802及CKIII-503橄榄石数据引自Kang et al.（2022）
Fig. 5. The correlation of Fo-Ni of the different lithofacies in the No.Ⅲ intrusion
图 6 金川矿床Ⅲ号岩体主量元素相关性及与Ⅰ号岩体主量元素对比
Ⅰ号岩体数据陈列锰，2009；Ⅲ号岩体部分数据引自Kang et al., 2022. Ol. 橄榄石；Opx. 斜方辉石；Cpx. 单斜辉石；Pl. 斜长石
Fig. 6. Comparison of major oxide contents in whole rocks between No.Ⅲ and No.Ⅰ intrusions
图 7 Ⅲ号岩体稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分曲线图（a）和微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图（b）及其与Ⅰ号岩体对比
Ⅰ号岩体数据据陈列锰（2009）；球粒陨石标准化值据Anders and Grevesse（1989），原始地幔标准化值据Palme and O’Neill（2007）
Fig. 7. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (a) and primitive mantle-normalized incompatible element patterns (b) for No.Ⅲ and comparison with No.Ⅰ intrusion
图 8 3号及其他主要矿体S与铂族元素相关性图解
1号、2号和24号矿体数据来自于Chai and Naldrett（1992b）、Song et al.（2009）、Chen et al.（2013）和Duan et al.（2016）
Fig. 8. The correlation between S and Ni, Cu and PGE for the No.3 orebody and other major orebodies
图 9 3号矿体矿石样品PGE原始地幔标准化图解及与各典型矿体对比
1、2和24号数据来源同图 8，原始地幔中Ni、Cu和PGE的含量数据引自Palme and O’Neill（2007）
Fig. 9. Primitive mantle-normalized PGE patterns for sulfide bearing rocks from No.3 orebody
图 10 金川3号矿体不同岩相中浸染状矿石中硫化物的“R因子”模拟计算
铂族元素模拟所采用的D硫化物/硅酸盐熔体分别为：DIr=30 000，DRu=27 000，DRh=27 000，DPd=30 000，DPt=30 000；模拟结果表明母岩浆中PGE含量分别为：Ir=0.042×10‒9，Ru=0.1×10‒9，Rh=0.055×10‒9，Pd=0.8×10‒9，Pt=1.1×10‒9
Fig. 10. Modeling of the R factor for sulfides in disseminated ores from different lithofacies of the No.3 orebody
图 11 金川矿床“幔源岩浆深部多期熔离‒含矿岩浆多中心侵位”成矿模型示意图
Fig. 11. The model of "multi-stage sulfide segregation in deep magma chamber-multi-center emplacement" of Jinchuan deposit
表 1 Ⅲ号岩体Zk404的橄榄石成分（%）
Table 1. The olivine composition (%) from Zk404 of No.Ⅲ intrusion
赋矿岩性 分析点号 MgO SiO2 FeO MnO NiO Total Fo Ni 中细粒伊丁石化二辉橄榄岩 b7-01 45.51 39.89 15.09 0.19 0.26 101.54 84.3 2 019 b7-01 43.75 39.29 14.71 0.19 0.22 99.34 84.1 1 752 b7-02 45.91 39.76 14.52 0.19 0.23 100.67 84.9 1 776 b7-03 45.30 39.68 15.05 0.28 0.24 100.73 84.3 1 870 中细粒二辉橄榄岩 b13-2-02 44.27 39.74 15.72 0.09 0.31 100.32 83.4 2 420 b19-2-01 44.32 39.75 14.62 0.22 0.18 99.09 84.4 1 375 b19-2-02 44.95 40.30 15.11 0.20 0.21 101.10 84.1 1 634 b19-2-05 44.69 39.95 15.44 0.16 0.28 100.65 83.8 2 177 b19-2-07 44.48 39.70 14.31 0.25 0.22 99.00 84.7 1 713 b19-2-08 43.96 39.80 15.56 0.25 0.19 99.87 83.4 1 524 b19-2-09 45.27 39.94 14.95 0.25 0.22 100.71 84.4 1 721 b19-2-10 44.15 39.86 15.09 0.12 0.18 99.51 83.9 1 430 b19-2-11 44.76 39.59 14.35 0.14 0.24 99.14 84.8 1 909 b19-2-12 44.40 40.40 14.70 0.32 0.22 100.26 84.3 1 713 b19-2-13 43.86 39.91 14.25 0.13 0.20 99.01 84.6 1 587 b19-01 44.49 39.71 15.35 0.29 0.19 100.12 83.8 1 509 b19-02 44.35 39.58 14.74 0.20 0.17 99.10 84.3 1 320 b19-04 45.45 39.51 14.26 0.13 0.31 99.75 85.0 2 420 b19-07 45.25 39.66 15.05 0.19 0.14 100.35 84.3 1 069 b19-09 44.49 39.80 14.44 0.20 0.31 99.45 84.6 2 404 b19-10 45.19 39.85 14.96 0.20 0.17 100.41 84.3 1 352 b19-11 44.36 39.90 14.48 0.18 0.13 99.30 84.5 982 b19-12 45.21 40.00 14.29 0.25 0.25 100.04 84.9 1 988 b19-13 44.48 40.18 14.30 0.24 0.18 99.56 84.7 1 375 伟晶状二辉橄榄岩 b21-01 44.44 39.53 15.82 0.19 0.21 100.27 83.4 1 642 b21-03 43.78 39.48 16.12 0.23 0.14 99.79 82.9 1 084 b22-01 44.45 39.56 15.44 0.26 0.24 99.98 83.7 1 886 b22-02 44.70 40.03 14.89 0.20 0.19 100.12 84.3 1 501 b22-06 44.42 40.12 15.47 0.19 0.27 100.96 83.7 2 114 b22-07 44.31 39.32 14.88 0.25 0.26 99.12 84.1 2 035 b22-08 43.67 39.67 15.05 0.22 0.26 99.06 83.8 2 043 b22-09 43.14 39.55 16.78 0.23 0.26 100.26 82.1 2 059 b22-11 44.60 39.84 15.66 0.23 0.22 100.65 83.5 1 697 b22-12 43.18 39.68 16.41 0.16 0.15 99.84 82.4 1 171 b22-13 44.08 39.74 15.12 0.19 0.20 99.53 83.9 1 532 b22-14 44.00 39.23 15.31 0.17 0.17 98.97 83.7 1 344 注：电子探针分析在自然资源部岩浆作用成矿与找矿重点实验室测定；测试者：王亚磊；测试手段：利用KEOL JXA-8230型电子探针测试；测试条件：电压为20 kV，电流为10 nA，束斑直径为1 μm，元素峰值检测时间为10 s，上下背景检测时间为5 s；测试精度：小于1%；测试误差：小于2%. 
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表 2 Ⅲ号岩体岩石及矿石中的PGE（10‒9）及Ni、Cu、S（%）元素含量
Table 2. Concentrations of PGE (10‒9) and Ni、Cu、S (%) in the No. Ⅲ intrusion
样品编号 采样深度(m) 矿石类型 粒度 Ru Pd Ir Pt Rh Cu Ni S (10‒9) (%) zk404-b7 404 无矿化 中细粒 0.7 7.3 0.7 6.9 0.5 - 0.1 0.1 zk404-b9 452 浸染状 中细粒 35.9 190.6 9.5 254.5 13.3 0.2 0.4 1.2 zk404-b12 484 浸染状 中细粒 10.6 61.4 4.3 83.1 3.2 0.6 0.4 1.4 zk404-b13 496 浸染状 中细粒 14.7 104.7 3.9 61.3 6.3 0.2 0.7 1.9 zk404-b14 505 浸染状 中细粒 16.7 123.9 5.0 244.0 9.1 0.4 0.6 2.1 zk404-b15 511 浸染状 中细粒 12.7 143.5 4.7 88.9 5.8 0.2 0.4 1.7 zk404-b16 520 浸染状 中细粒 10.4 106.9 5.0 95.3 5.0 0.2 0.4 1.6 zk404-b18 525 浸染状 中细粒 21.6 80.7 7.0 135.7 7.2 1.1 0.4 2.6 zk404-b22 533 浸染状 伟晶状 10.6 113.4 5.9 188.2 6.5 0.2 0.3 1.2 zk404-b25 548 浸染状 伟晶状 11.6 112.9 5.0 258.4 5.9 0.3 0.4 1.7 zk404-b26 552 浸染状 伟晶状 7.2 170.1 3.4 506.5 4.3 0.5 0.4 1.8 zk404-b28 566 浸染状 中粗粒 19.2 131.8 9.2 385.9 7.5 0.7 0.7 1.9 zk404-b29 573 浸染状 伟晶状 14.2 113.1 5.2 379.2 6.6 0.7 0.4 1.9 zk404-b32 588 细脉状 伟晶状 18.4 149.7 5.1 456.3 8.3 0.6 0.9 3.4 zk404-b33 598 浸染状 伟晶状 10.6 209.1 5.1 795.2 6.7 0.7 0.7 2.8 zk404-b35 607 浸染状 伟晶状 9.8 171.8 4.1 291.1 3.5 0.5 0.6 2.2 zk404-b36 620 浸染状 伟晶状 7.2 116.8 4.0 439.8 4.6 0.2 0.5 2.0 zk404-b38 634 浸染状 伟晶状 3.4 92.9 1.2 334.1 1.4 0.5 0.3 1.4 zk404-b39 640 浸染状 伟晶状 5.4 226.2 4.2 536.0 2.5 1.0 0.5 2.7 zk404-b40 646 浸染状 伟晶状 18.0 81.3 10.6 268.6 7.3 0.2 0.5 1.8 zk404-b41 651 浸染状 伟晶状 0.8 39.1 0.7 58.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 1.6 zk404-b42 664 浸染状 伟晶状 0.1 1.5 - 0.8 - - - 0.1 zk404-b43 671 浸染状 伟晶状 0.1 2.0 - 2.6 - - - 0.1 注：铂族元素在中国科学院地球化学研究所关键矿产成矿与预测全国重点实验室完成；测试者：王大鹏；测试手段：卡洛斯管法；测试条件：测试仪器为PlasmaQuant MS Elite型ICP-MS，测试电压为50 kV，电流为60 mA；稀土和微量元素测试仪器为Agilent 7700e ICP-MS；测试精度：小于10%；测试误差：Pd分析误差小于1%，Ir、Ru、Rh、Pt分析误差小于10%.
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