Abstract: We have entered the era of big data and artificial intelligence. Big data or big data analytics is a new thinking for solving geoscience problems, emphasizing the multidimensional associations among variables and allowing data to speak for themselves, thereby leading to new insights and more informative answers. Artificial intelligence is a new data mining approach with a strong non-linear modeling ability, which can deeply mine data and discover hidden patterns. The big data and artificial intelligence-driven mineral prospectivity mapping has become the high ground of global mining technology competition, reshaping the paradigm for mineral exploration. This study proposes the basic concepts and main components of big data and artificial intelligence-driven mineral prospectivity mapping, analyzes the scientific connotations, the state-of-the-art, and key scientific and technological issues in intelligent cognition, intelligent learning, and intelligent decision-making. These three key parts are essential components of intelligent mineral prospectivity mapping, and link between the Earth system and mineral system, mineral system and exploration system, and exploration system and evaluation system, respectively. In the future, big data and artificial intelligence-driven mineral prospectivity mapping should focus on the construction of prospecting big data, new geological constrained algorithms for mineral prospectivity mapping, high-performance computing in image processing, and the cultivation of innovative interdisciplinary talent.