火星近现代地质过程与宜居环境演化

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2026.014

火星近现代地质过程与宜居环境演化

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2026.014

黄琪¹,
史语桐¹,
赵健楠^1,2,
王江¹,
肖龙^1, ,

1. 中国地质大学（武汉）地球科学学院，行星地质与深空探测湖北省重点实验室，武汉 430074
2. 中国地质大学（武汉）地质探测与评估教育部重点实验室，武汉 430074

基金项目:

对外技术合作科研(航天)项目(ZA09)

国家自然科学基金项目(Nos. 42241111, 42272274, 42202262)

天问三号任务关键技术攻关项目(No. TW3004).

详细信息

作者简介:
黄琪(1998-), 男, 博士研究生, 主要从事行星地质学研究. ORCID: 0000-0003-1925-1283. E-mail: qihuang@cug.edu.cn

通讯作者:
肖龙, E-mail: longxiao@cug.edu.cn

中图分类号: P691
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-10-16
- 网络出版日期: 2026-01-28

Recent Geological Processes and Evolution of Habitable Environment on Mars

1. Hubei Key Laboratory of Planetary Geology and Deep-Space Exploration, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
2. Key Laboratory of Geological Survey and Evaluation of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

摘要

摘要: 火星保存了自形成以来多期次地质作用的丰富记录，为研究行星宜居性的长期演化提供了独特窗口。然而，当前对火星近现代（亚马逊纪以来）地质过程与宜居环境演变的理解仍较为薄弱，这制约了我们对火星整体宜居性演化路径的完整认知，尤其是难以厘清其关键转变机制及现今环境状态的成因。近现代地质过程（如火山活动、撞击作用、水及冰川活动及风沙作用）不仅直接塑造了火星当前的地表环境，更记录了火星近期气候与地质变迁的历史，是揭示其宜居性演化晚期阶段特征与驱动机制的关键证据。本文系统总结了火星亚马逊纪以来主要地质过程的研究进展，在此基础上讨论了控制其宜居环境演化的关键因素，初步构建了火星宜居性评价指标体系，并对未来火星探测与研究的主要方向提出展望。亚马逊纪以来的地质过程对火星的宜居环境有着重要影响，未来探测需重点关注火星火山活动演化历史、撞击坑物质组成、水冰分布情况以及风蚀地貌成因演变。
- 地质过程 /
- 宜居环境 /
- 评价指标 /
- 火星探测 /
- 亚马逊纪
Abstract: Mars preserves a rich record of multiple geological processes since its formation, providing a unique window into the long-term evolution of planetary habitability. However, the understanding of Martian recent geological processes (since the Amazonian) and habitable environmental evolution is still relatively weak, which constrains a comprehensive view of the overall trajectory of habitability on Mars and makes it difficult to clarify the mechanisms behind key transitions and the causes of its current environment state. Recent geological processes, such as volcanic activity, impact events, aqueous & glacial activity, and aeolian processes, not only directly shaped Mars’ present-day surface environment, but also recorded the recent history of its climatic and geological changes. These processes thus constitute crucial evidence for revealing the characteristics and driving mechanisms of habitability evolution during the later stages of Mars. In this paper, we systematically summarize recent research progress on major geological processes since the Amazonian, discusses the key factors controlling the evolution of habitable environments, preliminary constructs an index system for habitability assessment on Mars, and proposes prospects for the main directions of future exploration and research. Geological processes since the Amazonian have had a significant impact on Mars' habitable environment. Future Mars exploration should prioritize focus on the evolutionary history of volcanic activity, the composition of impact crater materials, the distribution of water ice, and the origin and evolution of wind-eroded landforms.
- geological processes /
- habitable environment /
- assessment index /
- Mars exploration /
- Amazonian

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