A Large-Scale Shaking Table Test of Slopes Protected by New-Type Concrete
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摘要:
为解决传统喷射混凝土刚性大、延性差、易在地震动中开裂失效的问题，研发新型柔性混凝土材料.基于一种掺入聚丙烯纤维与膨润土的新型柔性喷射混凝土，以鲁甸红石岩滑坡为原型，开展新型混凝土（NC）与普通混凝土（OC）防护边坡的对比振动台试验，分析其动力响应与损伤演化机制.在地震动加载下，NC防护边坡自振频率变化较小，较OC边坡更为平稳.Hilbert-Huang分析表明，NC防护边坡的能量响应在地震波主频处呈现显著分布，而OC防护边坡能量则集中于自振频率附近.边际谱能量进一步揭示，NC边坡损伤起始时间延迟，能量耗散过程更为平稳，结构完整性在强震作用下保持更优.新型混凝土通过增强界面协调与耗能能力，显著提升边坡抗震性能，为地震区浅层滑坡防治提供延性更强、耐损性更好的技术途径.
Abstract:To solve the problems of traditional shotcrete, such as high rigidity, poor ductility, and easy cracking and failure during seismic activities, a new type of flexible concrete material was developed. Based on a new type of flexible shotcrete mixed with polypropylene fibers and bentonite and taking the Ludian Hongshiyan landslide as a prototype, a comparative shaking table test of slopes protected by new - type concrete (NC) and ordinary concrete (OC) was carried out. The dynamic response and damage evolution mechanism were analyzed. Under seismic loading, the natural vibration frequency of the slope protected by NC changed less and was more stable than that of the slope protected by OC. Hilbert-Huang analysis shows that the energy response of the slope protected by NC was significantly distributed at the main frequency of the seismic wave. In contrast, the energy of the slope protected by OC was concentrated nearly at the natural vibration frequency. The marginal spectrum energy further revealed that the damage initiation time of the NC slope was delayed, the energy dissipation process was more stable, and the structural integrity was better maintained under strong earthquakes. The new -type concrete significantly improves the seismic performance of slopes by enhancing the interface coordination and energy-dissipation capacity. It provides a technical approach with stronger ductility and better damage resistance for the prevention and control of shallow landslides in seismic areas.
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图 5 小幅值加载下坡体变形破坏特征
a.OC防护边坡裂纹扩展；b.NC防护边坡裂纹闭合
Fig. 5. Deformation and failure characteristics of slope under small amplitude loading
图 6 高强度地震波作用下坡体变形破坏特征
Fig. 6. Deformation and failure characteristics of slope under high intensity seismic wave
图 7 0.2~0.4 g正弦波波作用下坡体变形破坏特征
a.OC防护边坡明显破坏；b. NC防护边坡轻微破
Fig. 7. Deformation and failure characteristics of slope under the action of 0.2-0.4 g sine wave
图 8 边坡最终破坏情况
a.OC防护边坡最终破坏形态；b.NC防护边坡最终破坏形态
Fig. 8. The final failure of reinforced slope
图 9 白噪声W1扫频下测点传递函数虚部
a.OC防护边坡；b.NC防护边坡
Fig. 9. The imaginary part of the transfer function of the measuring point under white noise W1
图 11 坡面测点Hilbert谱
a. L7测点；b. R7测点；c. L8测点；d. R8测点；e. L10测点；f. R10测点；g. L11测点；h. R11测点
Fig. 11. Hilbert spectrum of slope measuring point
图 12 0.2 g鲁甸地震波边际谱
a.OC防护边坡；b.NC防护边坡
Fig. 12. 0.2 g Ludian seismic wave marginal spectrum
图 13 正弦波加载下的边际谱幅值变化
a.OC防护边坡；b.NC防护边坡
Fig. 13. Variation of marginal spectrum amplitude under sine wave loading
图 14 地震波加载下边际谱幅值变化
a.OC防护边坡；b.NC防护边坡
Fig. 14. Variation of marginal spectrum amplitude under seismic wave loading
表 1 混凝土配合比设计方案
Table 1. Concrete mix proportion design scheme
编号 水泥(kg) 水(kg) 砂(kg) 石子(kg) 膨润土(kg) 纤维掺量(%) 减水剂(%) 膨润土置换率(%) 普通混凝土（OC） 379 263 1 088 713 0 0 0.1 0 新型混凝土（NC） 341 263 1 088 713 38 0.1 0.1 10 
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表 2 混凝土物理力学特性
Table 2. Physical and mechanical properties of concrete
材料 单轴抗压强度（MPa） 弹性模量（GPa) 劈裂抗拉强度（MPa） 弯曲韧性试验峰值挠（mm） 抗折强度（MPa） 普通混凝土（OC） 23.3 18.6 1.78 0.29 1.58 新型混凝土（NC） 19.7 11.2 1.46 0.57 1.95
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表 3 模型试验主要相似常数
Table 3. Main similarity constants of model test
物理量 相似常数 备注 长度 350 控制量 加速度 1 控制量 密度 1 控制量 弹性模量 350 黏聚力 350 内摩擦 1 泊松比 1 时间 18 速度 18
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表 4 相似材料参数设计指标
Table 4. Design index of similar material parameters
材料 密度(kg/m3) 抗拉强度(MPa) 弹性模量(MPa) 泊松比 黏聚力(MPa) 内摩擦角(°) 硬岩 2 650 0.010 0 100 0.23 0.024 38 软弱夹层 2 350 0.005 3 53 0.17 0.010 25 结构面 < 0.010 21
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表 5 加载方案
Table 5. Loading scheme
加载组数 波形 幅值（g） 频率（Hz） 加载时间(s) W1 白噪声 0.05 - 20 1 鲁甸波 0.10 压缩1~2倍 10~20 W2 白噪声 0.05 - 20 2 鲁甸波 0.20 压缩1~2倍 10~20 W3 白噪声 0.05 - 20 3 正弦波 0.10 2.5~30 20 W4 白噪声 0.05 - 20 4 鲁甸波 0.30 压缩1~2倍 10~20 W5 白噪声 0.05 - 20 5 鲁甸波 0.40 原始波 20 W6 白噪声 0.05 - 20 6 鲁甸波 0.50 原始波 20 W7 白噪声 0.05 - 20 7 鲁甸波 0.90 原始波 20 W8 白噪声 0.05 - 20 8 正弦波 0.20 2.5~30 20 9 正弦波 0.30 2.5~30 20 10 正弦波 0.40 5 20 11 正弦波 0.50 5 至破坏
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