某高地应力高原深埋隧道岩爆预测

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2026.116

某高地应力高原深埋隧道岩爆预测

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2026.116

1. 中南大学土木工程学院湖南长沙 410075;
2. 华东交通大学土木建筑学院江西南昌 330013;
3. 中交第二公路工程局有限公司陕西西安 710061

基金项目:

中国交通建设集团有限公司“揭榜挂帅”科技攻关项目(No.X0011007-JSFW-2024-0001)；国家自然科学基金(No.52478424)。

详细信息

作者简介:
傅鹤林（1965-），男，教授，博士生导师，主要从事地下工程灾害防治研究，ORCID:0000-0002-7967-0896.E-mail:fu.h.l@csu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
曹桂乾（1996-），男，博士研究生，主要从事地下工程灾害防治研究，ORCID:0009-0008-7890-9667.E-mail:guiqiancao@csu.edu.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-09-12
- 网络出版日期: 2026-05-13

Rockburst Prediction of Deeply Buried Tunnel Under High In-situ Stress in Plateau Region

1. School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China;
2. School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China;
3. CCCC Second Highway Engineering Bureau Co., Ltd, Xi'an 710061, China

摘要

摘要: 高地应力深埋隧道开挖建设过程中面临严重的岩爆灾害风险，准确预测岩爆等级和分布是岩爆防控的关键。依托某在建高原深埋超长隧道，采用数值反演等手段分析隧址区地应力场分布特征，结合花岗岩压缩试验和声发射监测，探究隧道深埋花岗岩的力学特性、破坏特征和能量演化规律，提出W_hp判据开展隧道岩爆预测。结果表明：隧址区构造应力方向为NNE~NEE，最大水平主应力方向为N42°~54°E，三向主应力整体呈σ_H>σ_v>σ_h的规律，隧道轴线最大主应力值超50 MPa；不同压缩条件下，深埋花岗岩展现出应变型岩爆、板裂屈曲型岩爆等不同破坏形式，并表现出高强度、高储能、高脆性特点，具备强烈岩爆发生的岩性条件；岩爆发生前声发射活动存在平静期，岩石趋近失稳破坏时声发射振铃计数和能量突然激增，b值急剧下降，可视为岩爆发生的前兆特征；提出同时反映岩爆可能性和危害性的W_hp判据，通过既有岩爆案例验证了其准确性和适用性，预测准确率超90%；在此基础上开展隧道岩爆预测，发现隧道1#斜井工区的多个正线段落存在中等岩爆和强烈岩爆风险，现场施工时需进行严加防控。研究成果为高原深埋隧道岩爆预测及防控提供了参考。
- 高原深埋隧道 /
- 地应力场 /
- 声发射 /
- 花岗岩 /
- 岩爆预测
Abstract: Deeply buried tunnels in high in-situ stress environments are exposed to severe rockburst hazards during excavation, and accurate prediction of rockburst grade and distribution is crucial for effective rockburst prevention and control. Taking an under-construction ultra-long deeply buried plateau tunnel as the engineering background, numerical inversion and other methods were employed to analyze the in-situ stress field distribution in the tunnel site area. Combined with granite compression tests and acoustic emission (AE) monitoring, the mechanical behavior, failure characteristics, and energy evolution of deeply buried granite are examined, and W_hp criterion is proposed for tunnel rockburst prediction. The results indicate that the tectonic stress orientation in the tunnel area ranges from NNE to NEE, with the maximum horizontal principal stress oriented N42°-54°E. The three principal stresses generally follow the relationship σ_H > σ_v > σ_h, and the maximum principal stress along the tunnel axis exceeds 50 MPa. Under different compression conditions, the deeply buried granite exhibits various failure modes, including strain rockburst and slab buckling rockburst, and is characterized by high strength, high energy storage capacity, and pronounced brittleness, providing favorable lithological conditions for strong rockburst. AE activity shows a distinct quiescent period prior to rockburst; as the rock approaches instability and failure, AE ringing counts and energy increase abruptly, while the b-value drops sharply, which can be regarded as precursory indicators of impending rockburst. A W_hp criterion that simultaneously reflects both the likelihood and potential severity of rockburst is proposed and validated against documented rockburst cases, yielding a prediction accuracy exceeding 90%. On this basis, rockburst prediction is carried out for the tunnel, revealing moderate and strong rockburst risks in several mainline sections within the No. 1 inclined shaft construction area, where stringent prevention and control measures are required during excavation. The findings provide a useful reference for rockburst prediction and mitigation in deeply buried tunnels in plateau regions.
- plateau deeply buried tunnel /
- in-situ stress field /
- acoustic emission /
- granite /
- rockburst prediction

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参考文献(66)

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某高地应力高原深埋隧道岩爆预测

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2026.116

作者简介:
傅鹤林（1965-），男，教授，博士生导师，主要从事地下工程灾害防治研究，ORCID:0000-0002-7967-0896.E-mail:fu.h.l@csu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
曹桂乾（1996-），男，博士研究生，主要从事地下工程灾害防治研究，ORCID:0009-0008-7890-9667.E-mail:guiqiancao@csu.edu.cn

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Rockburst Prediction of Deeply Buried Tunnel Under High In-situ Stress in Plateau Region

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留言板

某高地应力高原深埋隧道岩爆预测

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2026.116

作者简介: 傅鹤林（1965-），男，教授，博士生导师，主要从事地下工程灾害防治研究，ORCID:0000-0002-7967-0896.E-mail:fu.h.l@csu.edu.cn

通讯作者: 曹桂乾（1996-），男，博士研究生，主要从事地下工程灾害防治研究，ORCID:0009-0008-7890-9667.E-mail:guiqiancao@csu.edu.cn

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出版历程

Rockburst Prediction of Deeply Buried Tunnel Under High In-situ Stress in Plateau Region

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出版历程

目录

作者简介:
傅鹤林（1965-），男，教授，博士生导师，主要从事地下工程灾害防治研究，ORCID:0000-0002-7967-0896.E-mail:fu.h.l@csu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
曹桂乾（1996-），男，博士研究生，主要从事地下工程灾害防治研究，ORCID:0009-0008-7890-9667.E-mail:guiqiancao@csu.edu.cn