Abstract: Under the background of high-geo stress, the construction of railway tunnels in plateau mountainous areas usually faces geological risks such as rockburst and large deformation, which seriously restricts the smooth implementation of major national railway projects. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of high-geo stress rockburst and large deformation of railway tunnels in plateau mountainous areas, this paper constructs a set of comprehensive advanced geological prediction theory and method system with the core concept of ' combination of material drilling, long and short combination, targeted drilling and accurate prediction '. Through the systematic study of typical rockburst and large deformation tunnel engineering cases around the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, it is clear that high ground stress is the core energy source of rockburst and large deformation disasters, and the control effect of lithology and geological structure on disaster types is clarified. Typical failure characteristics such as brittle spalling, fragment ejection and flexible extrusion, and steel frame distortion are summarized. Following the prediction concept of " combination of qualitative and quantitative, preliminary judgment and detailed judgment, " the multi-index rockburst and large deformation advance geological prediction standards based on apparent characteristics, in-situ stress, rock mass strength and TSP parameters are established. The rapid on-site confirmation method of rockburst risk on the working face of " distinguishing-observation-observation-listening " and the rapid on-site confirmation method of large deformation risk on the working face of " knocking rock-estimating layer thickness-looking joints-understanding structure-looking necking " are formed. It is verified by field examples that the prediction results of the spatial location, scale and risk level of rockburst and large deformation in high ground stress area by the advanced geological prediction technology system are in good agreement with the actual engineering, and the prediction accuracy is more than 90%. It realizes the rapid and accurate identification of major geological risks in high ground stress tunnels, and greatly reduces the safety hazards in rockburst areas and the demolition rate of steel arches in large deformation areas. The advanced geological prediction technology system can provide important technical support and decision-making basis for the construction safety of railway high ground stress tunnels in similar complex geological mountainous areas.