Petrogenesis of the Baoligaomiao Volcanic Rocks in the Abaga Banner, Inner Mongolia: Implications for Evolution of the Eastern Paleo Asian Ocean
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摘要: 为了精细刻画古亚洲洋在内蒙古阿巴嘎旗地区的构造演化，选取宝力高庙组火山岩为研究对象，开展了详细的野外调查及锆石U⁃Pb年代学、岩石学、全岩地球化学研究.将宝力高庙组重新厘定为4个段，其中二段角闪安山岩、三段流纹岩和四段流纹质晶屑凝灰岩的锆石U⁃Pb年龄分别为320.1±5.7 Ma、315.1±4.1 Ma和304.8±2.3 Ma.宝力高庙组火山岩整体为亚碱性系列，属于高钾，弱过铝质岩石，是经过幔源岩浆底侵形成的加厚下地壳部分熔融的产物.研究区从宝力高庙组二段的大陆边缘弧构造环境演变为三段、四段火山岩的碰撞‒后碰撞环境.结合前人对研究区早二叠世岩浆活动研究成果（碰撞后伸展阶产物），古亚洲洋二连‒贺根山洋盆在晚石炭世经历了以洋内俯冲作用为特征的大洋俯冲消亡过程，在晚石炭世晚期本区构造演化进入到兴蒙造山带中部微陆块拼贴阶段.Abstract: To investigate the tectonic evolution process of the Paleo-Asian Ocean in the Abaga Banner, Inner Mongolia, this paper presents detailed petrological, zircon U⁃Pb chronological, and whole-rock geochemical studies of the volcanic rocks of the Baoligaomiao Formation. We redefine the Baoligaomiao Formation into four members. Zircon U⁃Pb ages of the second member amphibole andesite, the third member rhyolite and the fourth member rhyolitic crystal tuff yield a U⁃Pb age of 320.1±5.7 Ma, 315.1±4.1 Ma and 304.8±2.3 Ma, respectively. The Baoligaomiao volcanic rocks are characterized by high-K and weak peraluminous rocks affinities, belonging to sub-alkaline series, and they are interpreted to be formed by the product of partial melting of the thickened lower crust formed by mantle-derived magma underplating. The study area evolved from the continental margin arc tectonic environment recorded by the second member of the Baoligaomiao Formation to the collision by the third member of the volcanic rocks, until to post-collision environment by the fourth member of the volcanic rocks. Combined with the previous research results of the Early Permian magmatic activity in this area (product of the post-collision extensional stage), it is suggested that the Erenhot-Hegenshan oceanic basin of the Paleo Asian Ocean was in the process of oceanic slab destruction characterized by intra-oceanic subduction during the Late Carboniferous. A synthetic study of the geochemical characteristics of the Baoligaomiao volcanic rocks and the regional geological data reveals that the study area was in the setting of micro-continents collision during the late Late Carboniferous.
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图 1 兴蒙造山带大地构造简图（据Xiao et al., 2003修改）
Fig. 1. Sketch tectonic geological map of Xingmeng orogenic belt (modified after Xiao et al., 2003)
图 3 宝力高庙组典型火山岩手标本及镜下照片
a.玄武安山岩气孔‒杏仁构造；b.安山岩野外颜色特征；c.流纹岩野外流纹构造；d.蚀变气孔‒杏仁状玄武安山岩镜下杏仁特征（正交偏光）；e.气孔‒杏仁状安山岩镜下斑状结构（正交偏光）；f.流纹岩斑状结构、球粒结构，含斜长石、石英斑晶（正交偏光）
Fig. 3. Microphotographs of samples from the Baoligaomiao Formation in Abaga area, central Inner Mongolia
图 4 宝力高庙组火山岩TAS分类图（a）及Nb/Y-SiO2图（b；据Winchester and Floyd, 1977）
Pc.苦橄玄武岩；B.玄武岩；O1.玄武安山岩；O2.安山岩；O3.英安岩；R.流纹岩；S1.粗面玄武岩；S2.玄武质粗面安山岩；S3.粗面安山岩；T.粗面岩、粗面英安岩；F.副长石岩；U1.碱玄岩、碧玄岩；U2.响岩质碱玄岩；U3.碱玄质响岩；Ph.响岩；Ir.Irvine分界线，上方为碱性，下方为亚碱性
Fig. 4. TAS classification diagram (a) and Nb/Y-SiO2 diagram for the volcanic rocks of the Baoligaomao Formation (b; after Winchester and Floyd, 1977).
图 5 宝力高庙组稀土元素球粒陨石标准化分布型式图(a)及微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图（b）
标准化数据引自McDonough and Sun（1989）
Fig. 5. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (a) and primitive mantle-normalized trace element patterns of the Baoligaomiao Formation (b)
图 6 宝力高庙组二段角闪安山岩（U/Pb20150008）代表性锆石形态
Fig. 6. Cathodoluminescence images of representative zircons of hornblende andesite from the second member of Baoligaomiao Formation
图 7 宝力高庙组三段流纹岩（U/Pb20150016）代表性锆石形态
Fig. 7. Cathodoluminescence images of representative zircons of rhyolitic crystal tuff from the third member of the Baoligaomiao Formation
图 8 宝力高庙组四段流纹质晶屑凝灰岩（U/Pb20160001）代表性锆石形态
Fig. 8. Cathodoluminescence images of representative zircons of rhyolite from the fourth member of the Baoligaomiao Formation
图 9 内蒙古阿巴嘎旗宝力高庙组火山岩锆石加权平均年龄图与锆石年龄谐和图
Fig. 9. LA-ICP-MS zircon U⁃Pb concordia diagrams of the volcanic rocks from the Baoligaomiao Formation in Abaga Banner, Inner Mongolia
图 11 内蒙古阿巴嘎旗宝力高庙组二段火山岩Th-La/Yb图（a）（据Bailey, 1981）和Ta/Yb-Th/Yb图（据Pearce, 1984）
IAB.岛弧玄武岩；IAT.岛弧拉斑系列；ICA.岛弧钙碱系列；SHO.岛弧橄榄玄粗岩系列；WPB.板内玄武岩；MORB.洋中脊玄武岩；TH.拉斑玄武岩；TR.过渡玄武岩；ALK.碱性玄武岩
Fig. 11. Th-(La/Yb) diagram (after Bailey, 1981) and Ta/Yb-Th/Yb diagram of the volcanic rocks from the second member of the Baoligaomiao Formation in Abaga Banner, Inner Mongolia (after Pearce, 1984)
图 12 内蒙古阿巴嘎旗宝力高庙组三段、四段火山岩SiO2-Al2O3图解和SiO2–TFeO/(TFeO+MgO)图解（据Maniar and Piccoli, 1989）
CCG.大陆碰撞花岗岩类；POG.后造山期花岗岩类；RRG.与裂谷有关的花岗岩类；CEUG.大陆造陆抬升花岗岩类；IAG.岛弧花岗岩类；CAG.大陆弧花岗岩类
Fig. 12. Diagrams of SiO2-Al2O3 and SiO2–TFeO/(TFeO+MgO) of the volcanic rocks from the third and fourth member of the Baoligaomiao Formation in Abaga Banner, Inner Mongolia (after Maniar and Piccoli, 1989)
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